关键词:赖氨匹林;哌替啶;疼痛;肿瘤
摘要 目的:探讨赖氨匹林对癌性疼痛的治疗效果。方法:选择按WHO“三阶梯”止痛方案需进行第二、第三级药物治疗的患者45例,随机分为A、B、C三组。分别肌注赖氨匹林0.9g、1.8g、哌替啶50mg,观察起效时间、镇痛持续时间及副作用,用视觉模拟标尺评分法(VAS)评定镇痛效果。结果:A、B两组起效时间分别为18.1±6.2分钟和16.3±5.8分钟,慢于C组6.4±2.1分钟(P<0.05),镇痛持续时间分别为316.3±95分钟和418.6±85分钟,长于C组176.3±61.7分钟(P<0.05)两组给药后20和30分钟VAS评分无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论:赖氨匹林能有效地应用于癌痛病人第二、三级止痛,具有持续时间长、效果显著、副作用少的优点。
Treatment of cancer pain by lysine acetylsalicylate and pethidine
Abstract Objective :To study the efficacy of lysine acetylsalicylate (LAS) in the relief of cancer pain .Method :Forty-five patients with cancer pain who need analgesia treatment of 2 or 3 stage according to “WHO Three Stage Analgesia Treatment Plan ” were randomly divided into three groups (n=15) .Group A and B were respectively received LAS 0 .9g and 1 .8g intramuscularly .Group C received pethidine 50mg intramuscularly .The onset time ,the duration of analgesia and side effects were observed .The degree of pain was measured with visual analogue scale (VAS ).Results :The onset time of group A (18 .1±6.2 min ) and group B (16 .3±5 .8min) were longer than that in group C (6 .4±2.1min )(P <0.05).The duration of analgesia in group A (316 .3±95 .9 min )and group B (418 .6±85 .8min )were longer than that in group C (176 .3±61 .7min)(P <0.05).The VAS were no significantly differences after LAS administration between 20 and 30 min .Conclusion :LAS i m administered can provide pain relief in patient with cancer pain ,with long duration of analgesia ,the satisfactory analgesic effect and slight side effects .
Key words Lysine acetylsalicylate Meperidine Pain Neoplasmas
赖氨匹林用于术后镇痛取得了满意的效果〔1,2〕 。本研究目的在于探讨赖氨匹林对癌性疼痛的治疗效果,并与哌替啶比较,以期寻找一种适合癌症第二、第三级止痛治疗的非阿片类药物。
资料和方法
一、一般资料 选择按WHO“三阶梯”止痛治疗方案需进行第二、第三级药物治疗的患者45例,男28例,女17例。年龄42~75岁。体重40~70kg。其中食管癌12例,胃癌13例,肾癌2例,肝癌6例,结肠癌12例。全部患者皆为胸部、背部或腹部疼痛,均无消化道出血及阿司匹林过敏史。
二、方法 将0.9g、1.8g赖氨匹林和50mg哌替啶分别溶解稀释成3ml的无色水溶液,待患者主诉疼痛时,随机取药肌注,专人观察起效时间、镇痛持续时间及副作用,以给药起效后至患者主诉疼痛,需再次给药的时间作为镇痛持续时间,用视觉模拟标尺评分法(VAS)进行效果评定。所得数据行统计学处理,以P<0.05为差异有显著性意义。
结 果
比较三组的年龄、体重及性别无显著差异,
表1 一般资料和镇痛效果(15例,±s)
组别 | 年龄(岁) | 性别(男/女) | 体重(kg) | 起效时间(min) | 持续时间(min) |
A | 52.6±15.1 | 9/6 | 62.1±12.1 | 18.1±6.2* | 316.3±95.9* |
B | 54.3±14.3 | 10/5 | 63.2±11.5 | 16.3±5.8* | 418.6±85.8* |
C | 51.5±14.6 | 9/6 | 61.3±11.7 | 6.4±2.1 | 176.3±61.7 |
表2 镇痛效果(VAS评分)(15例,±s)
组别 | 给药前 | 给药时间(min) | ||||
给药后5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 30 | ||
A | 9.3±0.6 | 9.1±0.7△ | 8.9±1.1△ | 7.5±0.9△ | 5.1±2.9△ | 2.3±2.1* |
B | 9.5±0.7 | 9.0±0.8△ | 8.6±1.0△ | 6.9±2.9△ | 4.1±2.5* | 2.2±1.1* |
C | 9.1±0.5 | 7.7±1.1* | 6.2±1.2* | 5.5±2.7* | 4.1±2.3* | 1.8±1.1* |
表3 赖氨匹林与哌替啶镇痛的副作用(15例)
组别 | 恶心 | 呕吐 | 大汗 | 呼吸抑制 | 瘙痒 | 皮疹 |
A | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
B | 2 | 0 | 5 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
C | 6 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
讨 论
赖氨匹林作为乙酰水杨酸与赖氨酸的复合盐,是一种新型有效的镇痛药,由于其水溶性大,可静脉或肌肉注射给药,国外广泛用于术后镇痛〔3,4〕 。静脉注射同等剂量赖氨匹林比乙酰水杨酸的镇痛效果强4~5倍〔5〕 。
乙酰水杨酸的作用机理主要是通过阻断全身组织前列腺素的合成,从而降低神经末梢对伤害性刺激的敏感性而起作用〔6〕 。同时也减弱了缓激肽的致痛效应〔5〕 。当肿瘤生长仅侵犯浆膜、骨髓、肌筋膜、关节囊时,该处的神经末梢被前列腺素致敏,疼痛有时可单用解热镇痛药控制〔7〕 。本实验把赖氨匹林试用于癌痛病人,并与作为三级止痛药的哌替啶比较,除了起效较慢外,具有镇痛时间长,副作用少,且无药物成瘾性、依赖性及呼吸抑制之虑。赖氨匹林1.8g肌肉注射时患者出汗较多,用于老年体弱者时应予注意。
通过本实验研究比较,赖氨匹林能有效用于癌痛病人的二、三级止痛,具有持续时间长,副作用少的优点。
参考文献
1 陈志远,孙其范,张宏,等.赖氨匹林用于术后镇痛的研究.中华麻醉学杂志,1996,16:381-382.
2 陈志远,吴健华,黄珍治,等.赖氨匹林与哌替啶用于胸科术后镇痛的研究.福建医药杂志,1997,17:5-7.
3 Vries WJ ,Spierdijk J ,Matie H ,et al .A new soluble acetylsalicylic acid derivative in the treatment of postoperative pain .Br J Anaesth ,1974 ,46 :133-135.
4 Cashman JN ,Jones RM ,Foster JMG ,et al .Comparison of infusion of morphine and lysine acetysalicylate for the relief of pain after surgery .Br J Anaesth ,1985 ,57 :255-257.
5 林志彬,金有豫,主编. 医用药理学基础. 第3 版. 北京:世界图书出版公司,1994.127-138.
6 Jones RM ,Cashman JNF ,Foster JMG ,et al .Comparison of infusions of morphine and lysine acetylsalicylate for the relief of pain following thoracic surgery .Br J Anaesth ,1985 ,57 :259-262.
7 李仲廉主编.临床疼痛治疗学.天津:科学技术出版社,1994.65-76.
(收稿:1997-09-08 修回:1998-02-07)