【摘要】 目的 分析肝移植患者术中压疮发生的原因及探讨有效的预防措施。方法 回顾性分析2001年1月～2003年3月65例肝移植手术患者(历史对照组)压疮的发生情况和原因。针对原因对2003年4月～2004年6月57例肝移植患者(预防护理组)在双侧膝关节处垫一小软枕，在小腿腓肠肌处以软枕垫高10cm左右，使双足跟完全悬空。分析行预防措施后压疮的发生情况。结果 在历史对照组中，发生水疱的患者手术时间明显长于未发生水疱的患者。局部受压是压疮发生最主要的原因，解除受压后并发症的发生率显著降低。结论 术中发生压疮是较难避免的，但积极采取有效的预防措施，可以将压疮的发生率降到最低。

    【关键词】 肝移植手术；压疮；预防护理

    Causes and preventive nursing care of pressure sore during liver transplanting

    GONG Xiao,GONG Jin.

    The First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200080,China

    【Abstract】 Objective The purpose of this study is to determine the risk factors of pressure sore during liver transplantation and work out the effective precaution.Methods Pressure sore may happen during the operation of Liver transplantation.Therefore,we preformed a retrospective investigation to study 65 patients,who had undergone liver transplantation from January of 2001 to March of 2003.We analyzed the major causes and other related information.A new premanagement was then carried out in 57 patients from April of 2003 to June of 2004.In this new premanagement,the nurses cushioned both the patients′ knee joints and legs to hang the feet in the air.Results From the historical study,a dramatically higher incidence of blister happened in those patients with longer operation time.Local pressure was one of the major reasons for pressure sore.This kind of complication was significantly decreased while eliminating the local pressure.Conclusion The incidence of operative pressure sore is hard to be avoided.However,we can minimize this incidence rate through taking active and effective precaution. ......