Sweetened drinks increase women's chances of having diabetes
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《英国医生杂志》
The risk of developing type 2 diabetes among women who drank one or more cans of sugar sweetened soft drinks a day over several years is 1.83 times (95% confidence interval 1.42 to 2.36; P<0.001 for the trend) the risk among women who drank less than one a month, a new study shows (JAMA 2004;292:927-34).
Consumption in the United States of soft drinks—the leading source of sugars in the country抯 diet梚ncreased by 61% among adults from 1977 to 1997 and more than doubled in children and adolescents between the periods 1977-8 and 1994-8.
Women with stable patterns of consumption of soft drinks showed no weight gain, but women who increased their consumption of sugar sweetened soft drinks from one or fewer drinks a week to one or more a day increased their weight by an average of 4.7 kg (10.3 pounds) between 1991 and 1995.
Consumption of fruit punch (fizzy, sugar sweetened, juice based drinks) was also associated with a higher risk of diabetes (relative risk for one or more drinks a day, compared with less than one a month, was 2.00 (95% confidence interval 1.33 to 3.03; P= 0.001)).
The analysis of the risk of diabetes involved 91 249 women who did not have diabetes or other major chronic diseases at the 1991 baseline. The weight change analysis involved 51 603 women for whom complete dietary information and body weight were available in 1991, 1995, and 1999. The women were part of the second nurses?health study.
The researchers found 741 new cases of confirmed type 2 diabetes in 716 300 person years of follow up. Type 2 diabetes, which has grown rapidly in incidence in recent decades in parallel with the obesity epidemic, affects about 17 million people in the United States. Recent evidence indicates an association between consumption of sugar sweetened soft drinks and the risk of obesity in children, but data among adults is limited, especially concerning the association between consumption of such drinks and the risk of type 2 diabetes.
An accompanying editorial says that women in the study who drank a higher number of sugar sweetened drinks tended to be less physically active, smoke more, and have a higher intake of energy and a lower intake of protein, alcohol, magnesium, and cereal fibre than women who drank less.
揚erhaps the take home message is that a simple question about sugar sweetened beverage consumption can alert the primary care clinician to patients?unhealthy eating and lifestyle habits,?said Dr Caroline Apovian of the Boston Medical Centre and Boston University School of Medicine.
She said, 揊rom a public policy perspective, this study should help convince the US Department of Agriculture to redefine guidelines for sugar consumption, especially in soft drinks. In addition, the government should support local efforts to banish soda machines from schools or to replace soft drinks with healthier options . . . Reducing sugar sweetened beverage consumption may be the best single opportunity to curb the obesity epidemic. However, convincing individuals to alter their behaviour will require major educational and public health efforts that have not been forthcoming.?(Quebec David Spurgeon)
Consumption in the United States of soft drinks—the leading source of sugars in the country抯 diet梚ncreased by 61% among adults from 1977 to 1997 and more than doubled in children and adolescents between the periods 1977-8 and 1994-8.
Women with stable patterns of consumption of soft drinks showed no weight gain, but women who increased their consumption of sugar sweetened soft drinks from one or fewer drinks a week to one or more a day increased their weight by an average of 4.7 kg (10.3 pounds) between 1991 and 1995.
Consumption of fruit punch (fizzy, sugar sweetened, juice based drinks) was also associated with a higher risk of diabetes (relative risk for one or more drinks a day, compared with less than one a month, was 2.00 (95% confidence interval 1.33 to 3.03; P= 0.001)).
The analysis of the risk of diabetes involved 91 249 women who did not have diabetes or other major chronic diseases at the 1991 baseline. The weight change analysis involved 51 603 women for whom complete dietary information and body weight were available in 1991, 1995, and 1999. The women were part of the second nurses?health study.
The researchers found 741 new cases of confirmed type 2 diabetes in 716 300 person years of follow up. Type 2 diabetes, which has grown rapidly in incidence in recent decades in parallel with the obesity epidemic, affects about 17 million people in the United States. Recent evidence indicates an association between consumption of sugar sweetened soft drinks and the risk of obesity in children, but data among adults is limited, especially concerning the association between consumption of such drinks and the risk of type 2 diabetes.
An accompanying editorial says that women in the study who drank a higher number of sugar sweetened drinks tended to be less physically active, smoke more, and have a higher intake of energy and a lower intake of protein, alcohol, magnesium, and cereal fibre than women who drank less.
揚erhaps the take home message is that a simple question about sugar sweetened beverage consumption can alert the primary care clinician to patients?unhealthy eating and lifestyle habits,?said Dr Caroline Apovian of the Boston Medical Centre and Boston University School of Medicine.
She said, 揊rom a public policy perspective, this study should help convince the US Department of Agriculture to redefine guidelines for sugar consumption, especially in soft drinks. In addition, the government should support local efforts to banish soda machines from schools or to replace soft drinks with healthier options . . . Reducing sugar sweetened beverage consumption may be the best single opportunity to curb the obesity epidemic. However, convincing individuals to alter their behaviour will require major educational and public health efforts that have not been forthcoming.?(Quebec David Spurgeon)