国人踝关节的应用解剖学观测
http://www.100md.com
2010年2月1日
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【摘要】目的:观测成人踝关节的相关形态学指标,为踝关节损伤修复、关节置换等提供解剖学依据,同时积累国人人体解剖学资料。方法:利用游标卡尺、量角器、求积仪等,对53具成人出土骨骼的完整踝关节进行形态学测量。结果 踝关节面积:腓骨踝关节面面积(3.7±0.41)cm2,胫骨踝关节面面积(2.5±1.56)cm2,距骨滑车面积(10.6±1.87)cm2,距骨内踝关节面面积(2.2±1.86)cm2、外踝关节面面积(3.3±0.61)cm2;距骨滑车测量:距骨滑车关节凹深度(0.3±0.18)cm、内、外侧唇的高度分别为(0.5±0.21)cm、(0.9±0.12)cm,前缘宽度(2.7±0.33)cm,后缘宽度(2.0±0.58)cm;踝关节各面间以及与下肢轴线的交角:内外踝关节面与距骨滑车平面交角分别为(109±1.58)°、(116±1.21)°,内外踝关节面与下肢轴线交角分别为(18±1.08)°、(26±1.36)°。结论踝关节损伤修复、关节置换等均应以踝关节的形态学为依据方能达到良好的治疗效果。
【关键词】踝关节;解剖学;观测
【中图分类号】R322.72 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】1008-6455(2010)08-0214-01
Observation and Measurement on Chinese Ankle Joint on Applying Anatomy
Shi Ershuan1 Fang Gang1 Wang Zejun1 Huang Fuxicai2
【Abstract】Objective:The related morphological index of adult ankle joint which would supply the anatomy basis to repair the injured ankle joint, and replace the joint. Also, collect the Chinese anatomy data. Methods:Measure morphological complete ankle joints of the 53 adults with the vernier calipers, protractor and planimeter. Results:The area of the ankle joint: the area of fibula ankle articular surface (3.7±0.41)cm2, the area of tibia ankle articular surface (2.5±1.56)cm2, the area of talus articular surface (10.6±1.87)cm2, the area of inside talus articular surface (2.2±1.86)cm2, the area of lateral ankle articular surface (3.3±0.61)cm2, measure the area of talus: depth of concave of talus area (0.3±1.18)cm2, the height apex of medical and lateral labrum (0.5±0.21)cm and (0.9±0.12)cm, respectively,the width of the anterior and posterior (2.7±0.33)cm and (20±0.58)cm. The cut angle of each surface of the ankle joint and axis line in lower limbs. The cut angle of the surface the interior and posterior ankle joint and the surface of talus, (109±1.58)°, (116±1.21)°, respectively. The cut angle of the surface of the interior and posterior ankle joint and axis line of the lower limbs (18±1.08)°and (26±1.36)° respectively. Conclusion:To repair the injured ankle joint and replace the joint can be based on the morphological ankle joint, In this way,the best treatment result can be achieved.
【Key words】ankle joint; anatomy; observe and measure
踝关节是人体主要的承重关节之一,由胫骨、腓骨下端和距骨形成,属于屈戊关节,关节面之间紧密接合,以在冠状轴屈伸活动为主要功能,是将人体重力由垂直柱状转化为弓状平面负重形式的重要关节。在踝关节的损伤中骨折是骨科常见的损伤,约占全身骨折总数的3.92%[1],也可由于关节外伤、炎症、退行性变等原因发生对应关节面不相称,引起严重的关节功能障碍。治疗损伤的目标在于修复关节缺损、重建关节功能。因此充分了解踝关节的解剖学形态显得尤为重要,本文选用成人完整踝关节100侧,对其各骨面进行形态学观测。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料:成人出土骨骼53具,100侧完整的踝关节,其中左51侧、右49侧。
1.2 方法:长、宽、深(高)等距离的测量:均采用两点水平面间的垂直距离,使用游标卡尺(精确度0.02mm)进行测量;面积的测量:将被测骨面充分与红色印泥接触,将关节面以外的印泥拭去,用柔软的白纸与骨面贴合,用求积仪测量白纸上的红色印泥区域,获得其面积(精确度01cm2) ......
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