脊灰根绝，道路漫漫
http://www.100md.com
2000年10月30日
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - The ambitious World Health Organization (news - web sites) plan to eradicate polio around the world continues, with eradication in the western pacific region due to be announced on October 29th. But two new investigations that focus on regions in Asia--namely Japan and Laos--highlight hurdles that remain.
Unlike many other diseases, polio can be eradicated because there are no long-term human, animal or insect carriers of the disease. The polio vaccine produces lifelong immunity to the disease. To achieve polio eradication, every child in the world must receive the oral vaccine by age 5, experts note.
, 百拇医药
In the first study, Dr. Hiromu Yoshida at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Tokyo, Japan, reports that there is an ``environmental risk'' of the virus that causes polio originating from the vaccine itself ``as long as live oral poliovirus vaccine is not replaced by inactivated polio vaccine.''
The research team identified 29 separate strains of poliovirus that they believe to be the result of using the oral polio vaccine, which contains live poliovirus. Over the course of several months' monitoring, the virus was isolated from a river in Japan that contained raw sewage. Since most people do not come into contact with this contaminated river water, the researchers estimate that the risk of infection from this source is low.
, 百拇医药
Nevertheless, ``although it is possible to eliminate wild-type poliovirus from the human community and the environment, as long as oral (poliovirus) vaccine is not replaced by inactive polio vaccine, it will be difficult to eradicate (poliovirus) completely,'' Yoshida and colleagues write in the October 28th issue of The Lancet.
In another study published in the same journal, Dr. Chushi Kuroiwa of the International Medical Center of Japan in Tokyo and colleagues showed that ``there remains a risk of re-emergence and importation of (poliovirus) into Laos,'' a land-locked nation that is bordered by Vietnam, China, Burma, Thailand and Cambodia. The investigators visited various areas in Laos and evaluated risk factors associated with the continued spread of poliovirus.
, http://www.100md.com
Kuroiwa and colleagues suggest that the problem is multifaceted. Despite campaigns for mass vaccination, success rates have varied between 30% and 60%. ``These data indicate that the number of susceptible individuals will increase rapidly after the end of mass vaccination campaigns,'' Kuroiwa's team writes.
What's more, the authors indicate that many individuals living in the study region remain ignorant of the signs and symptoms of polio and that there is a chance that those living in surrounding areas who become infected may pass the infection to those living in Laos.
, http://www.100md.com
``As the present (open-border) policy progresses throughout the country, increased population movement will also increase the risk of polio importation from the southeast Asia region,'' Kuroiwa and colleagues conclude.
Polio (news - web sites) is caused by a virus that enters through the mouth. After multiplying inside the throat and intestines, the virus invades the nervous system. The incubation period is 4 to 35 days and initial symptoms include fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, stiffness in the neck and pain in the limbs. Paralysis is the most feared consequence of infection with polio. Death by asphyxiation can sometimes occur.
, http://www.100md.com
This past September, heads of state, business leaders and celebrities endorsed the worldwide eradication of polio by the year 2005 at a ``Polio Summit'' held at the United Nations (news - web sites).
``We will succeed. We will make history,'' said Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland, director-general of the World Health Organization.
There were more than 7,000 polio cases worldwide last year, but fewer than 2,000 have been identified so far this year, Brundtland said. Polio will still exist in 20 countries after 2000, primarily because poverty, war and isolation have made the children in these countries so difficult to vaccinate, she added.
SOURCE: The Lancet 2000;356:1461-1463, 1487-1488., 百拇医药
Unlike many other diseases, polio can be eradicated because there are no long-term human, animal or insect carriers of the disease. The polio vaccine produces lifelong immunity to the disease. To achieve polio eradication, every child in the world must receive the oral vaccine by age 5, experts note.
, 百拇医药
In the first study, Dr. Hiromu Yoshida at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases in Tokyo, Japan, reports that there is an ``environmental risk'' of the virus that causes polio originating from the vaccine itself ``as long as live oral poliovirus vaccine is not replaced by inactivated polio vaccine.''
The research team identified 29 separate strains of poliovirus that they believe to be the result of using the oral polio vaccine, which contains live poliovirus. Over the course of several months' monitoring, the virus was isolated from a river in Japan that contained raw sewage. Since most people do not come into contact with this contaminated river water, the researchers estimate that the risk of infection from this source is low.
, 百拇医药
Nevertheless, ``although it is possible to eliminate wild-type poliovirus from the human community and the environment, as long as oral (poliovirus) vaccine is not replaced by inactive polio vaccine, it will be difficult to eradicate (poliovirus) completely,'' Yoshida and colleagues write in the October 28th issue of The Lancet.
In another study published in the same journal, Dr. Chushi Kuroiwa of the International Medical Center of Japan in Tokyo and colleagues showed that ``there remains a risk of re-emergence and importation of (poliovirus) into Laos,'' a land-locked nation that is bordered by Vietnam, China, Burma, Thailand and Cambodia. The investigators visited various areas in Laos and evaluated risk factors associated with the continued spread of poliovirus.
, http://www.100md.com
Kuroiwa and colleagues suggest that the problem is multifaceted. Despite campaigns for mass vaccination, success rates have varied between 30% and 60%. ``These data indicate that the number of susceptible individuals will increase rapidly after the end of mass vaccination campaigns,'' Kuroiwa's team writes.
What's more, the authors indicate that many individuals living in the study region remain ignorant of the signs and symptoms of polio and that there is a chance that those living in surrounding areas who become infected may pass the infection to those living in Laos.
, http://www.100md.com
``As the present (open-border) policy progresses throughout the country, increased population movement will also increase the risk of polio importation from the southeast Asia region,'' Kuroiwa and colleagues conclude.
Polio (news - web sites) is caused by a virus that enters through the mouth. After multiplying inside the throat and intestines, the virus invades the nervous system. The incubation period is 4 to 35 days and initial symptoms include fever, fatigue, headache, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, stiffness in the neck and pain in the limbs. Paralysis is the most feared consequence of infection with polio. Death by asphyxiation can sometimes occur.
, http://www.100md.com
This past September, heads of state, business leaders and celebrities endorsed the worldwide eradication of polio by the year 2005 at a ``Polio Summit'' held at the United Nations (news - web sites).
``We will succeed. We will make history,'' said Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland, director-general of the World Health Organization.
There were more than 7,000 polio cases worldwide last year, but fewer than 2,000 have been identified so far this year, Brundtland said. Polio will still exist in 20 countries after 2000, primarily because poverty, war and isolation have made the children in these countries so difficult to vaccinate, she added.
SOURCE: The Lancet 2000;356:1461-1463, 1487-1488., 百拇医药
参见：首页 > 医疗版 > 疾病专题 > 小儿科 > 神经及运动系统疾病 > 小儿麻痹症