1995年全国硕士学位研究生入学考试
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2001年10月4日
95年
PartⅠ
Section A:
1. Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial
beings were portrayed _____.
A. had produced B. have been produced C. would have produced D.
had been produced
2. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting
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cancer than ___ in the public mind today.
A. exists B. exist C. existing D. existed
3. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his argument
in favor of the new theory.
A. which to base on B. on which to base C. to base on which D. which
to be based on
4. ________ can help but be fascinated by the world into which he
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is taken by the science fiction.
A. Everybody B. Anybody C. Somebody D. Nobody
5. How many of us ___, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would
be interested in the discussion?
A. attended B. Attending C. to attend D. have attended
6. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe ____ it provides
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he building blocs from which the other elements are produced.
A. so that B. but that C. in that D. provided that
7. We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal
style ____ in a personal one.
A. rather than B. Other than C. better than D. less than
8. ______ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined
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by the smooth development of production.
A. What B. That C. It D. As
9. It is believed that today's pop music can serve as a creative
force ____ stimulating the thinking of its listeners.
A. by B. with C. at D. on
10. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, _____ the atmosphere.
A. as it is B. the same as C. so is D. and so is
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Section B(改错):
ll . The conveniences that Americans desire reflecting[A] not so much
a leisurely[B] lifestyle as a busy lifestyle in which even minutes of
time are[C] too valuable to be wasted[D].
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12. In debating one must conect the opponent's[A] facts, deny the relevance
of his proof, or deny that[B] what[C] he presents as proof, unless[D]
relevant , is sufficient.
13 . We are not conscious of[A] the extent of which[B] provides
the psychological satisfaction that[C] can
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make the difference[D] between a full and an empty life.
14. The Portuguese give[A] a great deal of credit to one man[B]
for having promoted[C] sea travel, that man was Prince Henry the navigator,
who lived in the 15th century[D].
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15 . Accounts of[A] scientific experiments are generally correct for[B]
those write about[C] science are careful in checking[D] the accuracy
of their reports.
16. whenever we hear of[A] a natural disaster, even[B] in a distant
part of the world, we feel sympathy[C] for the people to have affected[D].
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17 . It is perhaps not an exaggeration to say[A] that we shall soon be
trusting[B] our health, wealth and happiness to elements with whom[C]
very names the general public are[D] unfamiliar.
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18. The speaker claimed that no other[A] modern nation devotes so
small[B] a portion of its wealth to public assistance and health than[C]
the United States does[D].
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19 . There are those who consider it questionable that these defence-linked[A]
research projects will account for[B] an improvement in the standard
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of living or, alternately, to do much [C]to protect our diminishing[D]
resources.
20. If individuals are awakend[A] each time as[B] they begin a
dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even though[C]
their total amount of sleep has been[D] sufficient.
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Section C:
21. In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly ___
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if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four
days before the party date.
A. admired B. regarded C. expected D. worshipped
22. A _____ of the long report by the budget committed was submitted
to the mayor for approval.
A. shorthand B. scheme C. schedule D. sketch
23. A man has to make ____ for his old age by putting aside enough
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money to live on when old.
A. supply B. assurance C. provision D. adjustment
24. The newly-built Science Building seems _____ enough to last
a hundred years.
A. spacious B. sophisticated C. substantial D. steady
25. It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are
___ free medical care.
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A. entitled to B. involved in C. associated with D. assigned to
26. The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the
city because they had more at ____.
A. danger B. stake C. loss D. threat
27. I felt ____ to death because I could make nothing of the chairman's
speech.
A. fatigued B. tired C. exhausted D. bored
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28. When the engine would nto start, the mechanic inspected all
the parts to find what was at ___.
A. wrong B. trouble C. fault D. difficulty
29. Your advice would be ____ valuable to him, who is at present
at his wit's end.
A. exceedingly B. excessively C. extensively D. exclusively
30. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract,
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and now he has to _____ the consequences.
A. answer for B. run into C. abide by D. step into
31. The river is already _____ its bans because of excessive rainfall;
and the city is threatened with a likely flood.
A. parallel to B. level in C. flat on D. flush with
32. People _____ that vertical flight transports would carry millions
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of passengers as do the airliners of today.
A. convinced B. anticipated C. resolved D. assured
33. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written
or _____ for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive
systematic programmed for the reading skills.
A. adapted B. acknowledged C. assembled D. appointed
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34. The mother said she would ____ her son washing the dished If
he could finish his assignment before supper.
A. let down B. let alone C. let off D. let out
35. We should always keep in mind that _____ decisions often lead
to bitter regrets.
A. urgent B. hasty C. instant D. prompt
36. John complained to the bookseller that there were several pages
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____ in the dictionary.
A. missing B. losing C dropping D. leaking
37. In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number
of women ____ this field is climbing.
A. engaging B. devoting C. registering D. pursuing
38. The supervisor didn't have time so far to go into it _____,
but he gave us an idea about his plan.
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A. at hand B. in turn C. in conclusion D. at length
39. Their demand for a pay raise has not the slightest ____ of being
met.
A. prospect B. prediction C. prosperity D. permission
40. It's usually the case that people seldom behave in a _____ way
when in a furious state.
A. stable B. rational C. legal D. credible
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Part Two:
Sleep is divided into periods of so-called
REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and
longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all
well-understood , but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative
function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more
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43 .The new experiments, such as these 44 for the
first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research
in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM
sleep .
For example, it has long been known that
total sleep 46 is 1OO percent fatal to rats, yet ,47
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exanlination of the dead bodies , the animals look completely normal
. A researcher has now 48 the mystery of why the aninlals
die. The rats 49 bacterial infections of the blood ,50
their immune systems--the self-protecting mechanism against disease--had
crashed.
41 . (A)Either (B)Ndther (C)Each tn)Any
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42 . (A) intended ( B)required ( C) assumed ( D) inferred
43 . (A) subtle (B)obvious (C)mysterious (D)doubtful
44 . (A) maintained ( B) described (C)settled (D)afforded
45. (A)in the light (B)by virtue (C)with the exception (D)for the
purpose
46 . (A) reduction ( B) destruction (C) deprivation (D) restriction
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47. (A)upon (B)by (C)through (D)with
48. (A)paid attention to (B)caught sight of tc)laid emphasis on
(D)cast light on
49 . (A) develop (B)produce (c)stimulate (D)induce
50. (A)if (B)as if (C)only if (D)if only
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehensinn
Passage l
Money spent on advertising is money spent
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as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribotion
of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market
and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.
By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards
of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased
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need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment.
It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your
daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your
television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or
tube would cost 20 per cent more.
And perhaps most important of all, advertising
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provides a guarantee of reasonable value in
the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven
acts of Parliament gov-
ern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote
a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.
He might fool some people for a little while through misleading
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advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public
has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once.
If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest
proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it , and
that it represents good value.
Advertising does more for the material
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benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.
There is one more point I feel I ought
to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television
personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades
rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions.
Of course advertising seeks to persuade.
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If its message were confined merely to
information-and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible
to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of
a shirt is subtly persuasive----advertising would be so boring that
no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known
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television personality wants.
51 . By the first sentence of the passage the author means that__.
(A) he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising
(B) everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming
(C) advertising costs money like everything else
(D) it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising
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52. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the
advantages of advertising?
(A) Securing greater fame. (C) Enhancing living standards.
(B) Providing more jobs. (D) Reducing newspaper cost.
53 . The author deems that the well-known TV personality is_.
(A) very precise in passing his judgement on advertising
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(B) interested in nothing but the buyers' attention
(C) correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information
(D) obviously partial in his views on advertising
54. In the author's opinton,__.
(A) advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing
(B) advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them
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over
(C) there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer
(D) the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advenisement
Passage 2
There are two basic ways to see growth:
one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally
viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can
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easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion,
the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new
language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results
to show for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growth
is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a
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journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way.The
process is not the road itsetf, but rather the attitudes and feellings
people have, their caution or courge, as they encounter new experiences
and unexpected obstacles. In this process ,the journey never really
ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas
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to try, new challenges to accept .
In order to grow, to travel new roads,
people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the
unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail"at first.
How we see our-selves as we try a new way of being is essential
to our abitity to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious?
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If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to
unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and indecisive? Then
our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly,
and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we thiQk
we're slow to adapt to change or that we' re not smart enough to
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role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt
are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow.
If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts,
if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become
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trapped inside a shell of our own making .
55 . A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth then__.
(A) he has given up his smoking habit
(B) he has made great efforts in his work
(C) he is keen on leaming anything new
(D) he has tried to determine where he is on his journey
, http://www.100md.com 56. In the author' s eyes, one who views personal growth as a process
would__.
(A) succeed in climbing up the social ladder
(B) judge his ability to glow from his own achievements
(C) face difficulties and take up challenges
(D) aim high and reach his goal each time
57. When the author says "a new way of being" (line 3, para. 3)
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he is referring to__.
(A) a new approach to experiencing the world (C) a new method of
perceiving ourselves
(B) a new way of taking risks (D) a new system of adaptation to
change
58. For personal growth ,the author advocates all of the following
except_.
, http://www.100md.com (A) curiosity about more chances ( C) open-mindedness to new experiences
(B) promptness in self-adaptation (D) avoidance of intemal fears
and doubts
Passage 3
In such a changing , complex society formerly
simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many
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friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended
family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how
to determine which expert advice to accept are qaestions facing
many people today.
In addition to this, there is the growing
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mobility of people since World War Ⅱ. As families move away from
their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended
family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off,
and with it the confidence that information will be available when
needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious
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flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be
cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual
communications of the extended family must be consciously learned
.
Adding to societal changes today is an
enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information
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available than any generation, and the task of finding that one
piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is
complicated , time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming .
Coupled with the growing quantity of information
is the development of technologies which enable the storage and
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than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it
possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files,
and to program computers to locate specific information . Telecommunications
developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio,
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and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes
of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications
to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be
shared world wide through teleconferencing , and problems in dispute
can be settled without the parttcipants leaving their homes and/or
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jobs to travel to a distant conference site.
Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage
and delivery of information, thus making more information available
to more people.
In this world of change and complexity
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, the need for infomtatian is of greatest importance.
Those people who have accurate , reliable up-to-date information
to solve the day-to-day problems,the critical problems of their
business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. "Knowledge
is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information
may be the most critical requirement of all people.
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59. The word "it" (line 3, para. 2) most probably refers to__.
(A) the lack of stable communities
(B) the breakdown of informal information channels
(C) the increased mobility of families
(D) the growing number of people moving from place to place
60. The main problem people may encounter today arises form the
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fact that__.
(A) they have to learn new things consciously
(B) they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy
information
(C) they have difficulty obtaining the needed informatton readily
(D) they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended
family.
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61 . From the passage we can infer that__.
(A) electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting
messages
(B) it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in
an information era
(C) people will spend less time holding meetings or conferences
(D) events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites
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62. We can learn from the last paragraph that __.
(A) it is necessary to obtain as much
(B) people should make the best use of the information
(C) we shoutd realize the importance of accumulating information
.
(D) it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently
Passage 4
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Personality is to a large extent inherent--A-type
parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment
must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important
to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives
of their children.
One place where children soak up A-characteristics
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is school , which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution.
Too many schools adopt the 'win at all costs' moral standard and
measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion
for making children compete against their classmates or against
the clock produces a two-layer system , in which competitive Atypes
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seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen
to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides
, the first marathon runner , dropped dead seconds after saying:
' Rejoice, we conquer! '
By far the worst form of competition in
schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is
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a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things
they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat
questionable , but competition in the certain knowledge of failure
is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor
desirable that all A-youngsters change into B' s. The world needs
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A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child'
s personality to his possible future employment . It is top management
.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic
work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer
values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions , especially
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medicine,could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more
by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely
a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B's
are important and should be encouraged.
63 . According to the passage , A-type individuals are usually__.
(A) impatient ( B) considerate ( C) aggressive (D) agreeable
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64. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations
at schoois because__.
(A) the pressure is too great on the students
(B) some students are bound to fail
(C) failure rates are too high
(D) the results of exarninations are doubtful
65 . The selection of medical professionals are currentiy based
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on__.
(A) candidates' sensitivity (C) competitive spirit
(B) academic acbievements (D) surer values
66. From the passage we can draw the oonclusion that__.
(A) the personality of a child is well established at birth
(B) family innuence dominates the shaping of one' s characteristics
.
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(C) the development of one' s personality is due to multiple factors
(D) B-type characteristics can find no place in competitive society
Passage 5
That experiences influence subsequent behaviour
is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called
remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly
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named memory.Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to
lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem,
and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent
behaviour demands memory , remembering being a primary requirement
for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize
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that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision
to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences
.
Practice (or review) tends to build and
maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period
of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and
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the adaptive consquences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances
of sudden forgetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the
ability to forget can be intffpreted to have survived through a
process of natural selection in animals.Inded, when one's memory
of an emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting
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may produoe relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation
might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process
of forgetting survived natural selection.
In thinking about the evolution of memory
together with all its possible aspects,it is helpful to consider
what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly
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aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new
tend to stand out,providing clues for inferring duration. Without
fotgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example ,learned
behaviour that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer
be. Cases are recorded of people who (by or-dinary standards) forgot
, http://www.100md.com so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion.
This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and
the species.
Another line of thought assumes a memory
storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility
specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments
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are made between learning or memory storage ( input) and forgetting
(output) . Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals
forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data
offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume
an input-output balance.
67. From the evolutionary point of view,__.
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(A) forgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously inadaptive
.
(B) if a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden he must be very
adaptive
(C) the gradual process of forgetting is an indication of an individual'
s adaptability
(D) sudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequences
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68. According to the passage, if a person never forgot ,__.
(A) he would survive best (C) his ability to learn would be enhanced
(B) he would have a lot of trouble (D) the evolution of memory would
stop
69. From the last paragraph we know that__.
(A) forgetfulness is a response to learning
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systenl
(C) memory is a compensation for forgetting
(D) the capacity of a memory storage system is limited because forgetting
occurs
70. In this article, the author tries to interpret the function
of__.
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(A) remembering (B) forgetting (C) adapting (D) experiencing
Part Ⅳ English-Chinese Translation
The standardized educational or psychological
test that are widely used to aid in selecting,
classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military
personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines,
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the daily press, and even in congress. 71 )The target is wrong,
for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention form the fault
that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests
themselves are merely tools , with characteristics that can be measured
with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the
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results will be valuable , meaningless, or even misleading depends
partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user .
All informed predictions of future performance
are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school
grades, research productivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate.
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72 )How well the predictions will be validated by later performance
depends upon the amount , reliability , and appropriateness of the
information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available
is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject
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to error.
Standardized tests should be considered
in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting
some kinds of information about what a person learned , the sktlls
he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so
obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings
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as other kinds of information. 73)Whether to use tests. other
kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends,
therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative
validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
74)In general,the tests work most effectivelv
when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined
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and least effectively when what is to be messured or predicted cannot
be well defined. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of
getting comparable information about many people Sometimes they
identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized,
but there are many things they do not do. 75)For example, they
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do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell
how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown
up under more favorable circumstances.
Part Ⅴ Wrlting (15 points)
DIRECTIONS :
A. Title: THE "PROJECT HOPE"
B. Time limit : 40 minutes
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C. Word limit : 120 - 150 words (not including the given opening
sentence)
D. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should
start with the
given opening sentence : "Education plays a very important role
in the modernization of
our country " .
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E. Your composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
OUTLEVE:
1. Present sluation
2. Necessity of the project
3. My suggestion
答案:
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. A 10.C
11. A, renect 12. D, if
13. B, to which 14. D, being
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15. C, writing about 或 who write about 16. D, affected
17. C, whose 18. C, as
19. C, do much 20. B, each time
21. B 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. A
31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. D 39. A 40. B
41. B 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B
, 百拇医药 51. D 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. A 58. D 59. B 60. C
61. A 62. D 63. C 64. B 65. B 66. C 67. D 68. B 69. A 70. B
71.把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。
72.这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。
73.因此，在某一特定情况下，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是两者同时使用，须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。
74.一般地说，当所要测定的特征能很精确地界定时，测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。
75.例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。, 百拇医药
PartⅠ
Section A:
1. Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial
beings were portrayed _____.
A. had produced B. have been produced C. would have produced D.
had been produced
2. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of getting
, http://www.100md.com
cancer than ___ in the public mind today.
A. exists B. exist C. existing D. existed
3. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds _____ his argument
in favor of the new theory.
A. which to base on B. on which to base C. to base on which D. which
to be based on
4. ________ can help but be fascinated by the world into which he
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is taken by the science fiction.
A. Everybody B. Anybody C. Somebody D. Nobody
5. How many of us ___, say, a meeting that is irrelevant to us would
be interested in the discussion?
A. attended B. Attending C. to attend D. have attended
6. Hydrogen is the fundamental element of the universe ____ it provides
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he building blocs from which the other elements are produced.
A. so that B. but that C. in that D. provided that
7. We are taught that a business letter should be written in a formal
style ____ in a personal one.
A. rather than B. Other than C. better than D. less than
8. ______ is generally accepted, economical growth is determined
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by the smooth development of production.
A. What B. That C. It D. As
9. It is believed that today's pop music can serve as a creative
force ____ stimulating the thinking of its listeners.
A. by B. with C. at D. on
10. Just as the soil is a part of the earth, _____ the atmosphere.
A. as it is B. the same as C. so is D. and so is
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Section B(改错):
ll . The conveniences that Americans desire reflecting[A] not so much
a leisurely[B] lifestyle as a busy lifestyle in which even minutes of
time are[C] too valuable to be wasted[D].
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12. In debating one must conect the opponent's[A] facts, deny the relevance
of his proof, or deny that[B] what[C] he presents as proof, unless[D]
relevant , is sufficient.
13 . We are not conscious of[A] the extent of which[B] provides
the psychological satisfaction that[C] can
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make the difference[D] between a full and an empty life.
14. The Portuguese give[A] a great deal of credit to one man[B]
for having promoted[C] sea travel, that man was Prince Henry the navigator,
who lived in the 15th century[D].
, http://www.100md.com
15 . Accounts of[A] scientific experiments are generally correct for[B]
those write about[C] science are careful in checking[D] the accuracy
of their reports.
16. whenever we hear of[A] a natural disaster, even[B] in a distant
part of the world, we feel sympathy[C] for the people to have affected[D].
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17 . It is perhaps not an exaggeration to say[A] that we shall soon be
trusting[B] our health, wealth and happiness to elements with whom[C]
very names the general public are[D] unfamiliar.
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18. The speaker claimed that no other[A] modern nation devotes so
small[B] a portion of its wealth to public assistance and health than[C]
the United States does[D].
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19 . There are those who consider it questionable that these defence-linked[A]
research projects will account for[B] an improvement in the standard
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of living or, alternately, to do much [C]to protect our diminishing[D]
resources.
20. If individuals are awakend[A] each time as[B] they begin a
dream phase of sleep, they are likely to become irritable even though[C]
their total amount of sleep has been[D] sufficient.
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Section C:
21. In that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly ___
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if the invitation to a dinner party is extended only three or four
days before the party date.
A. admired B. regarded C. expected D. worshipped
22. A _____ of the long report by the budget committed was submitted
to the mayor for approval.
A. shorthand B. scheme C. schedule D. sketch
23. A man has to make ____ for his old age by putting aside enough
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money to live on when old.
A. supply B. assurance C. provision D. adjustment
24. The newly-built Science Building seems _____ enough to last
a hundred years.
A. spacious B. sophisticated C. substantial D. steady
25. It is well-known that the retired workers in our country are
___ free medical care.
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A. entitled to B. involved in C. associated with D. assigned to
26. The farmers were more anxious for rain than the people in the
city because they had more at ____.
A. danger B. stake C. loss D. threat
27. I felt ____ to death because I could make nothing of the chairman's
speech.
A. fatigued B. tired C. exhausted D. bored
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28. When the engine would nto start, the mechanic inspected all
the parts to find what was at ___.
A. wrong B. trouble C. fault D. difficulty
29. Your advice would be ____ valuable to him, who is at present
at his wit's end.
A. exceedingly B. excessively C. extensively D. exclusively
30. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract,
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and now he has to _____ the consequences.
A. answer for B. run into C. abide by D. step into
31. The river is already _____ its bans because of excessive rainfall;
and the city is threatened with a likely flood.
A. parallel to B. level in C. flat on D. flush with
32. People _____ that vertical flight transports would carry millions
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of passengers as do the airliners of today.
A. convinced B. anticipated C. resolved D. assured
33. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written
or _____ for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive
systematic programmed for the reading skills.
A. adapted B. acknowledged C. assembled D. appointed
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34. The mother said she would ____ her son washing the dished If
he could finish his assignment before supper.
A. let down B. let alone C. let off D. let out
35. We should always keep in mind that _____ decisions often lead
to bitter regrets.
A. urgent B. hasty C. instant D. prompt
36. John complained to the bookseller that there were several pages
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____ in the dictionary.
A. missing B. losing C dropping D. leaking
37. In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number
of women ____ this field is climbing.
A. engaging B. devoting C. registering D. pursuing
38. The supervisor didn't have time so far to go into it _____,
but he gave us an idea about his plan.
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A. at hand B. in turn C. in conclusion D. at length
39. Their demand for a pay raise has not the slightest ____ of being
met.
A. prospect B. prediction C. prosperity D. permission
40. It's usually the case that people seldom behave in a _____ way
when in a furious state.
A. stable B. rational C. legal D. credible
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Part Two:
Sleep is divided into periods of so-called
REM sleep, characterized by rapid eye movements and dreaming, and
longer periods of non-REM sleep. 41 kind of sleep is at all
well-understood , but REM sleep is 42 to serve some restorative
function of the brain. The purpose of non-REM sleep is even more
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43 .The new experiments, such as these 44 for the
first time at a recent meeting of the Society for Sleep Research
in Minneapolis, suggest fascinating explanations 45 of non-REM
sleep .
For example, it has long been known that
total sleep 46 is 1OO percent fatal to rats, yet ,47
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exanlination of the dead bodies , the animals look completely normal
. A researcher has now 48 the mystery of why the aninlals
die. The rats 49 bacterial infections of the blood ,50
their immune systems--the self-protecting mechanism against disease--had
crashed.
41 . (A)Either (B)Ndther (C)Each tn)Any
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42 . (A) intended ( B)required ( C) assumed ( D) inferred
43 . (A) subtle (B)obvious (C)mysterious (D)doubtful
44 . (A) maintained ( B) described (C)settled (D)afforded
45. (A)in the light (B)by virtue (C)with the exception (D)for the
purpose
46 . (A) reduction ( B) destruction (C) deprivation (D) restriction
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47. (A)upon (B)by (C)through (D)with
48. (A)paid attention to (B)caught sight of tc)laid emphasis on
(D)cast light on
49 . (A) develop (B)produce (c)stimulate (D)induce
50. (A)if (B)as if (C)only if (D)if only
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehensinn
Passage l
Money spent on advertising is money spent
, 百拇医药
as well as any I know of. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribotion
of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market
and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.
By drawing attention to new ideas it helps enormously to raise standards
of living. By helping to increase demand it ensures an increased
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need for labour, and is therefore an effective way to fight unemployment.
It lowers the costs of many services: without advertisements your
daily newspaper would cost four times as much, the price of your
television licence would need to be doubled, and travel by bus or
tube would cost 20 per cent more.
And perhaps most important of all, advertising
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provides a guarantee of reasonable value in
the products and services you buy. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven
acts of Parliament gov-
ern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote
a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.
He might fool some people for a little while through misleading
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advertising. He will not do so for long, for mercifully the public
has the good sense not to buy the inferior article more than once.
If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the surest
proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it , and
that it represents good value.
Advertising does more for the material
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benefit of the community than any other force I can think of.
There is one more point I feel I ought
to touch on. Recently I heard a well-known television
personality declare that he was against advertising because it persuades
rather than informs. He was drawing excessively fine distinctions.
Of course advertising seeks to persuade.
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If its message were confined merely to
information-and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible
to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of
a shirt is subtly persuasive----advertising would be so boring that
no one would pay any attention. But perhaps that is what the well-known
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television personality wants.
51 . By the first sentence of the passage the author means that__.
(A) he is fairly familiar with the cost of advertising
(B) everybody knows well that advertising is money consuming
(C) advertising costs money like everything else
(D) it is worthwhile to spend money on advertising
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52. In the passage, which of the following is NOT included in the
advantages of advertising?
(A) Securing greater fame. (C) Enhancing living standards.
(B) Providing more jobs. (D) Reducing newspaper cost.
53 . The author deems that the well-known TV personality is_.
(A) very precise in passing his judgement on advertising
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(B) interested in nothing but the buyers' attention
(C) correct in telling the difference between persuasion and information
(D) obviously partial in his views on advertising
54. In the author's opinton,__.
(A) advertising can seldom bring material benefit to man by providing
(B) advertising informs people of new ideas rather than wins them
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over
(C) there is nothing wrong with advertising in persuading the buyer
(D) the buyer is not interested in getting information from an advenisement
Passage 2
There are two basic ways to see growth:
one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally
viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can
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easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion,
the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new
language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results
to show for their efforts.
By contrast, the process of personal growth
is much more difficult to determine, since by definition it is a
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journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way.The
process is not the road itsetf, but rather the attitudes and feellings
people have, their caution or courge, as they encounter new experiences
and unexpected obstacles. In this process ,the journey never really
ends; there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas
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to try, new challenges to accept .
In order to grow, to travel new roads,
people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the
unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may "fail"at first.
How we see our-selves as we try a new way of being is essential
to our abitity to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious?
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If so, then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to
unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and indecisive? Then
our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly,
and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we thiQk
we're slow to adapt to change or that we' re not smart enough to
, 百拇医药 cope with a new challenge? Then we are likely to take a more passive
role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt
are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow.
If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts,
if we protect ourselves too much, then we cease to grow. We become
, http://www.100md.com
trapped inside a shell of our own making .
55 . A person is generally believed to achieve personal growth then__.
(A) he has given up his smoking habit
(B) he has made great efforts in his work
(C) he is keen on leaming anything new
(D) he has tried to determine where he is on his journey
, http://www.100md.com 56. In the author' s eyes, one who views personal growth as a process
would__.
(A) succeed in climbing up the social ladder
(B) judge his ability to glow from his own achievements
(C) face difficulties and take up challenges
(D) aim high and reach his goal each time
57. When the author says "a new way of being" (line 3, para. 3)
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he is referring to__.
(A) a new approach to experiencing the world (C) a new method of
perceiving ourselves
(B) a new way of taking risks (D) a new system of adaptation to
change
58. For personal growth ,the author advocates all of the following
except_.
, http://www.100md.com (A) curiosity about more chances ( C) open-mindedness to new experiences
(B) promptness in self-adaptation (D) avoidance of intemal fears
and doubts
Passage 3
In such a changing , complex society formerly
simple solutions to informational needs become complicated. Many
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friends or colleagues are beyond the capability of the extended
family to resolve. Where to turn for expert information and how
to determine which expert advice to accept are qaestions facing
many people today.
In addition to this, there is the growing
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mobility of people since World War Ⅱ. As families move away from
their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended
family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off,
and with it the confidence that information will be available when
needed and will be trustworthy and reliable. The almost unconscious
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flow of information about the simplest aspects of living can be
cut off. Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual
communications of the extended family must be consciously learned
.
Adding to societal changes today is an
enormous stockpile of information. The individual now has more information
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available than any generation, and the task of finding that one
piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is
complicated , time-consuming and sometimes even overwhelming .
Coupled with the growing quantity of information
is the development of technologies which enable the storage and
, 百拇医药 delivery of more information with greater speed to more locations
than has ever been possible before. Computer technology makes it
possible to store vast amounts of data in machine-readable files,
and to program computers to locate specific information . Telecommunications
developments enable the sending of messages via television, radio,
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and very shortly, electronic mail to bombard people with multitudes
of messages. Satellites have extended the power of communications
to report events at the instant of occurrence. Expertise can be
shared world wide through teleconferencing , and problems in dispute
can be settled without the parttcipants leaving their homes and/or
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jobs to travel to a distant conference site.
Technology has facilitated the sharing of information and the storage
and delivery of information, thus making more information available
to more people.
In this world of change and complexity
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, the need for infomtatian is of greatest importance.
Those people who have accurate , reliable up-to-date information
to solve the day-to-day problems,the critical problems of their
business, social and family life, will survive and succeed. "Knowledge
is power" may well be the truest saying and access to information
may be the most critical requirement of all people.
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59. The word "it" (line 3, para. 2) most probably refers to__.
(A) the lack of stable communities
(B) the breakdown of informal information channels
(C) the increased mobility of families
(D) the growing number of people moving from place to place
60. The main problem people may encounter today arises form the
, http://www.100md.com
fact that__.
(A) they have to learn new things consciously
(B) they lack the confidence of securing reliable and trustworthy
information
(C) they have difficulty obtaining the needed informatton readily
(D) they can hardly carry out casual communications with an extended
family.
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61 . From the passage we can infer that__.
(A) electronic mail will soon play a dominant role in transmitting
messages
(B) it will become more difficult for people to keep secrets in
an information era
(C) people will spend less time holding meetings or conferences
(D) events will be reported on the spot mainly through satellites
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62. We can learn from the last paragraph that __.
(A) it is necessary to obtain as much
(B) people should make the best use of the information
(C) we shoutd realize the importance of accumulating information
.
(D) it is of vital importance to acquire needed information efficiently
Passage 4
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Personality is to a large extent inherent--A-type
parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment
must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important
to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives
of their children.
One place where children soak up A-characteristics
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is school , which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution.
Too many schools adopt the 'win at all costs' moral standard and
measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion
for making children compete against their classmates or against
the clock produces a two-layer system , in which competitive Atypes
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seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen
to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides
, the first marathon runner , dropped dead seconds after saying:
' Rejoice, we conquer! '
By far the worst form of competition in
schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is
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a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things
they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat
questionable , but competition in the certain knowledge of failure
is positively harmful.
Obviously, it is neither practical nor
desirable that all A-youngsters change into B' s. The world needs
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A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child'
s personality to his possible future employment . It is top management
.
If the preoccupation of schools with academic
work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer
values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions , especially
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medicine,could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more
by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely
a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B's
are important and should be encouraged.
63 . According to the passage , A-type individuals are usually__.
(A) impatient ( B) considerate ( C) aggressive (D) agreeable
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64. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations
at schoois because__.
(A) the pressure is too great on the students
(B) some students are bound to fail
(C) failure rates are too high
(D) the results of exarninations are doubtful
65 . The selection of medical professionals are currentiy based
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on__.
(A) candidates' sensitivity (C) competitive spirit
(B) academic acbievements (D) surer values
66. From the passage we can draw the oonclusion that__.
(A) the personality of a child is well established at birth
(B) family innuence dominates the shaping of one' s characteristics
.
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(C) the development of one' s personality is due to multiple factors
(D) B-type characteristics can find no place in competitive society
Passage 5
That experiences influence subsequent behaviour
is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called
remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly
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named memory.Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to
lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem,
and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent
behaviour demands memory , remembering being a primary requirement
for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize
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that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision
to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences
.
Practice (or review) tends to build and
maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period
of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and
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the adaptive consquences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances
of sudden forgetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the
ability to forget can be intffpreted to have survived through a
process of natural selection in animals.Inded, when one's memory
of an emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting
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may produoe relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation
might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process
of forgetting survived natural selection.
In thinking about the evolution of memory
together with all its possible aspects,it is helpful to consider
what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly
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aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new
tend to stand out,providing clues for inferring duration. Without
fotgetting, adaptive ability would suffer, for example ,learned
behaviour that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer
be. Cases are recorded of people who (by or-dinary standards) forgot
, http://www.100md.com so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion.
This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and
the species.
Another line of thought assumes a memory
storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility
specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments
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are made between learning or memory storage ( input) and forgetting
(output) . Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals
forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data
offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume
an input-output balance.
67. From the evolutionary point of view,__.
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(A) forgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously inadaptive
.
(B) if a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden he must be very
adaptive
(C) the gradual process of forgetting is an indication of an individual'
s adaptability
(D) sudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequences
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68. According to the passage, if a person never forgot ,__.
(A) he would survive best (C) his ability to learn would be enhanced
(B) he would have a lot of trouble (D) the evolution of memory would
stop
69. From the last paragraph we know that__.
(A) forgetfulness is a response to learning
, 百拇医药 (B) the memory storage system is an exactly balanced input-output
systenl
(C) memory is a compensation for forgetting
(D) the capacity of a memory storage system is limited because forgetting
occurs
70. In this article, the author tries to interpret the function
of__.
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(A) remembering (B) forgetting (C) adapting (D) experiencing
Part Ⅳ English-Chinese Translation
The standardized educational or psychological
test that are widely used to aid in selecting,
classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military
personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines,
, http://www.100md.com
the daily press, and even in congress. 71 )The target is wrong,
for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention form the fault
that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests
themselves are merely tools , with characteristics that can be measured
with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the
, http://www.100md.com
results will be valuable , meaningless, or even misleading depends
partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user .
All informed predictions of future performance
are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school
grades, research productivity, sales records, or whatever is appropriate.
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72 )How well the predictions will be validated by later performance
depends upon the amount , reliability , and appropriateness of the
information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available
is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject
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to error.
Standardized tests should be considered
in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting
some kinds of information about what a person learned , the sktlls
he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so
obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings
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as other kinds of information. 73)Whether to use tests. other
kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends,
therefore, upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative
validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
74)In general,the tests work most effectivelv
when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined
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and least effectively when what is to be messured or predicted cannot
be well defined. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of
getting comparable information about many people Sometimes they
identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized,
but there are many things they do not do. 75)For example, they
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do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell
how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown
up under more favorable circumstances.
Part Ⅴ Wrlting (15 points)
DIRECTIONS :
A. Title: THE "PROJECT HOPE"
B. Time limit : 40 minutes
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C. Word limit : 120 - 150 words (not including the given opening
sentence)
D. Your composition should be based on the OUTLINE below and should
start with the
given opening sentence : "Education plays a very important role
in the modernization of
our country " .
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E. Your composition must be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.
OUTLEVE:
1. Present sluation
2. Necessity of the project
3. My suggestion
答案:
1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. A 10.C
11. A, renect 12. D, if
13. B, to which 14. D, being
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15. C, writing about 或 who write about 16. D, affected
17. C, whose 18. C, as
19. C, do much 20. B, each time
21. B 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D 28. C 29. A 30. A
31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. A 37. D 38. D 39. A 40. B
41. B 42. C 43. C 44. B 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. A 50. B
, 百拇医药 51. D 52. A 53. D 54. C 55. A 56. C 57. A 58. D 59. B 60. C
61. A 62. D 63. C 64. B 65. B 66. C 67. D 68. B 69. A 70. B
71.把标准化测试作为抨击目标是错误的，因为在抨击这类测试时，批评者不考虑其弊病来自人们对测试不甚了解或使用不当。
72.这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智。
73.因此，在某一特定情况下，究竟是采用测试还是其他种类的信息，或是两者同时使用，须凭有关相对效度的经验依据而定，也取决于诸如费用和有无来源等因素。
74.一般地说，当所要测定的特征能很精确地界定时，测试最为有效；而当所要测定或预测的东西不能明确地界定时，测试的效果则最差。
75.例如，测试并不弥补明显的社会不公；因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境下成长的话，会有多大才干。, 百拇医药