基因标记帮助决定结肠癌术后是否化疗
路透社纽约健康消息 化疗通常是用来清除手术中没有清除乾净的癌细胞，但并不是对所有病人都有效。新的研究发现，结肠肿瘤基因上的特殊变化可以帮助医生预测哪些病人术后再化疗的效果最好。该研究结果发表在近期《新英格兰医学杂志》上。
美国休斯顿德克萨斯洲大学安德森癌症中心的斯坦利R·汉密尔顿博士分析了460名结肠癌患者的肿瘤组织，这些患者都接受了规范的化疗药物治疗。结果表明，丢失大部份18号染色体的病人手术后的五年存活率比其他病人要低，而有微伴行静脉不稳定和某些基因突变的病人的存活率则较高。微伴行静脉不稳定是缺陷DNA在修补机制中导致肿瘤细胞的基因编码变异。在肿瘤病人中，49%有18号染色体丢失，21%有高水平的微伴行静脉不稳定性，61%有基因突变。
汉密尔顿博士认为，事先弄清楚了肿瘤是否会对化疗敏感，病人就可避免在化疗上浪费时间，否则只会带来严重的副作用使病人身体更虚弱。临床上很需要有可靠预测存活率的标记，用来针对不同个体肿瘤的分子特性采取特别的治疗措施。目前的研究只是朝这个目标迈出了第一步，还需要进一步的研究来确定是否通过新的药物来把这些分子标记应用到化疗中，这些药物包括药薯和奥克赛铂。
, 百拇医药
Genetic markers predict colon cancer survival
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Specific genetic changes that occur in colon tumors can help doctors predict which patients will benefit the most from chemotherapy after surgery, new study findings suggest.
While chemotherapy is often given to these patients in an attempt to wipe out any cancerous cells that surgery failed to remove, it does not benefit all patients.
, 百拇医药
"Identifying tumors that are not going to be sensitive to chemotherapy...will allow patients to not waste their time going through courses of chemotherapy," which can have serious and debilitating side effects, Dr. Stanley R. Hamilton of University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, and the study‘s senior author, told Reuters Health.
Hamilton and his colleagues analyzed tumor tissue from 460 patients with colon cancer who were treated with standard chemotherapy drugs. Their findings appear in the April 19th issue of The New England Journal of Medicine.
, 百拇医药
Patients who had lost a chunk of chromosome 18 were less likely to survive five years after surgery compared with other patients. Those with two other markers--microsatellite instability and a mutation in a certain gene--were more likely to survive.
Microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs when a defective DNA repair mechanism leads to abnormalities in a tumor cell‘s genetic code.
But further research is needed to investigate whether these molecular markers apply to chemotherapy regimens based on newer drugs, such as irinotecan and oxaliplatin, Hamilton said.
, 百拇医药
Loss of material from chromosome 18 occurred in 49% of tumors, high levels of MSI were found in 21% of tumors, and the gene mutation occurred in 61% of tumors.
"Markers that reliably predict survival are needed," the study authors write. "Our study is a first step toward the goal of individualized cancer treatment based on the molecular characteristics of the tumor.", 百拇医药
美国休斯顿德克萨斯洲大学安德森癌症中心的斯坦利R·汉密尔顿博士分析了460名结肠癌患者的肿瘤组织，这些患者都接受了规范的化疗药物治疗。结果表明，丢失大部份18号染色体的病人手术后的五年存活率比其他病人要低，而有微伴行静脉不稳定和某些基因突变的病人的存活率则较高。微伴行静脉不稳定是缺陷DNA在修补机制中导致肿瘤细胞的基因编码变异。在肿瘤病人中，49%有18号染色体丢失，21%有高水平的微伴行静脉不稳定性，61%有基因突变。
汉密尔顿博士认为，事先弄清楚了肿瘤是否会对化疗敏感，病人就可避免在化疗上浪费时间，否则只会带来严重的副作用使病人身体更虚弱。临床上很需要有可靠预测存活率的标记，用来针对不同个体肿瘤的分子特性采取特别的治疗措施。目前的研究只是朝这个目标迈出了第一步，还需要进一步的研究来确定是否通过新的药物来把这些分子标记应用到化疗中，这些药物包括药薯和奥克赛铂。
, 百拇医药
Genetic markers predict colon cancer survival
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Specific genetic changes that occur in colon tumors can help doctors predict which patients will benefit the most from chemotherapy after surgery, new study findings suggest.
While chemotherapy is often given to these patients in an attempt to wipe out any cancerous cells that surgery failed to remove, it does not benefit all patients.
, 百拇医药
"Identifying tumors that are not going to be sensitive to chemotherapy...will allow patients to not waste their time going through courses of chemotherapy," which can have serious and debilitating side effects, Dr. Stanley R. Hamilton of University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, and the study‘s senior author, told Reuters Health.
Hamilton and his colleagues analyzed tumor tissue from 460 patients with colon cancer who were treated with standard chemotherapy drugs. Their findings appear in the April 19th issue of The New England Journal of Medicine.
, 百拇医药
Patients who had lost a chunk of chromosome 18 were less likely to survive five years after surgery compared with other patients. Those with two other markers--microsatellite instability and a mutation in a certain gene--were more likely to survive.
Microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs when a defective DNA repair mechanism leads to abnormalities in a tumor cell‘s genetic code.
But further research is needed to investigate whether these molecular markers apply to chemotherapy regimens based on newer drugs, such as irinotecan and oxaliplatin, Hamilton said.
, 百拇医药
Loss of material from chromosome 18 occurred in 49% of tumors, high levels of MSI were found in 21% of tumors, and the gene mutation occurred in 61% of tumors.
"Markers that reliably predict survival are needed," the study authors write. "Our study is a first step toward the goal of individualized cancer treatment based on the molecular characteristics of the tumor.", 百拇医药