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    尿道下裂病因学研究进展

    贺厚光X 综述 张炜 审校

    【摘要】 尿道下裂是小儿泌尿系统最常见的畸形之一,近年发病率呈上升趋势。为了从病因学上

    来预防尿道下裂的发生和对尿道下裂的治疗提供指导,有必要重视病因学的研究。尿道下裂的病因至今不

    明,是多种因素共同作用的结果。本文从内分泌因素、环境类雌激素破坏作用、表皮生长因子和遗传角度对

    尿道下裂的病因学进行综述。

    【关键词】 尿道下裂

    [中图分类号]R696 [文献标识码] A [文章编号]100124594 (2004) 0320296204

    尿道下裂是小儿泌尿生殖系统最常见的畸形之

    一 ,国外发病率为 0. 3 %[1 ]。我国发生率低于 0.

    1 %[2 ]。70年代至 80 年代欧洲尿道下裂呈不明原

    因的增长 ,来自美国两个先天性畸形监测系统的资

    料亦显示尿道下裂的发病率呈成倍增长[3 ]。国内外

    学者对其治疗进行了大量研究 ,而病因学研究甚少 ,虽手术成功率较前有较大幅度的提高 ,并发症仍较

    多 ,促使人们加强对病因学研究 ,期望从病因学上来

    预防尿道下裂的发生及对尿道下裂的治疗提供指

    导。本文就近年来病因学的研究进展作一综述。

    using the previosly utilized urethral plate. Urology ,1999 ,54 ,724~726

    5 Levent E ,Cankon G,Demokan E. Onlay island flap urethropasty :A com2

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    ~219

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    buccal mucosal grafts. J Urol ,1999 ,162(4) ,1442~1444

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    frol ,2002 ,54(2) ,107~111

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    13 Parnigotto PP , Gamba PG, Conconi MT , et al . Experimental defect in

    rabbit urethra repaired with acellular aortic matrix. Urol Res ,2000 ,28

    (1) ,46~51

    14 Kassaby AW,Retik AB ,Yoo JJ ,et al . Urethral stricture repair with an off

    the shelf collagen matrix. J Urol ,2003 ,169 (1) ,170~173

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    dias repair. J Urol ,1999 ,162(3 Pt 2) ,1148~1151

    16 Silver RI. What is the etiology of hypospadias ? A review of recent re2

    search. Del Med J ,2000 ,72(8) ,343~347

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    with an increased risk of hypospadias. J Urol ,1999 ,161 (6) ,1954~

    1957

    18 Hussain N ,Chaghtai A ,Herndon CD ,et al . Hypospadias and early gesta2

    tion growth restriction in infants. Pediatrics ,2002 ,109 (3) ,473~478

    19 周李,梅骅,刘唐彬,等. 先天性尿道下裂与SRD5A2及SRY基因

    突变关系研究.中华医学遗传学杂志,1999 ,16(5) ,311~314

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    some boys with isolated hypospadias. J Urol ,1999 ,162(3 Pt 2) ,1142~

    1145

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    hypospadias and review of the literature. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol ,2001 ,18 (6) ,678~680

    22 Yoo JJ ,Soker S ,Lin LF ,et al . Direct in vivo gene transfer to urological

    organs. J Urol ,1999 ,162 (3 Pt 2) ,1115~8

    23 Fauza DO ,Fishman SJ ,Mehegan K,et al . Videofetoscopically assisted fe2

    tal tissue engineering : skin replacement . J Pediatr Surg ,1998 ,33 (2) ,357~61

    (收稿日期:2003211211)

    692 国外医学泌尿系统分册 Urology and nephrology FMS ,May 2004 ,Vol . 24 NO. 3

    作者单位:210019江苏,南京医科大学第一附属医院泌尿外科

    ? 1995-2006 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. 现代研究表明 ,胚胎发育的第6周 ,尿生殖窦的

    腹侧开始出现突起 ,形成尿生殖嵴 ,不久生殖嵴的两

    侧出现生殖突 ,生殖嵴的尾侧形成尿道沟 ,两侧的隆

    起为尿道襞 ......

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