01~感觉器官(Sensory organs).ppt
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The Sensory Organs
山东大学医学院 解剖教研室
李振华
The Sensory Organs
Sensory organs include the receptors and accessory organs. The receptors may be divided into three kinds:
* The exteroceptors 外感受器: receive stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain, light and sound from the external environment
* The interoceptors 内感受器: pick up information about internal environment
* The proprioceptors 本体感受器: receive stimuli from muscles, tendons, joints and ligaments
The Visual Organ 视器
Composition: eyeball and accessory organs of eye
Shape of eyeball
* Has anterior and posterior poles
* Equator 赤道: an imaginary line encircling the eyeball, midway between anterior and posterior poles
* Axis of eyeball 眼轴: a line joining the two poles
* Optic axis 视轴: a line joining the center of the pupil to the fovea centralis
Walls of eyeball
Fibrous tunic of eyeball (outer)
* Cornea 角膜: anterior 1/6, a nonvascular, transparent portion, richly supplied by nerves; because it is curved, the cornea helps focus light
* Sclera 巩膜 (white of eye, opaque portion):
* posterior 5/6, consisting of fibrous connective tissue that forms a tough protective covering for eyeball,* Contains sinus venosus sclerae 巩膜静脉窦which lies beneath the junction of cornea and sclera
Vascular tunic of eyeball (middle)
* Iris 虹膜
* Thin contractile membrane anterior to ciliary body, with a central opening, the pupil 瞳孔
* Contains sphincter pupillae 瞳孔括约肌(circular fibers) and dilator pupillae 瞳孔开大肌 (radial fibers)
* Cornea and iris meet to form the iridocorneal angle 虹膜角膜角
* Cilliary body 睫状体
* Body a ring-shaped thickening anterior to equator, containing smooth muscle fibers called ciliary muscle 睫状肌
* Ciliary processes 睫状突: a series of some 60~80 projections producing aqueous humor
* Ciliary ring 睫状环
* Choroid 脉络膜
* Thin, highly vascular in posterior 2/3 of eye
* Contains brown pigmented cells and dense capillary plexus
Retina 视网膜
* Pars caeca retinae视网膜盲部
* Pars iridica retinae 视网膜虹膜部
* Pars ciliaris retinae 视网膜睫状体部
* Pars optica retinae视网膜视部
* Lines the choroidsComposed of two layers
* An outer pigment cell layer
* Inner neural layer (four layers)
* The fourth layer consists photoreceptor cells
* Cone cells 视锥细胞are color receptors that function best during the day
* Rod cells 视杆细胞are dark-light receptors that function best at night and in dim light
* The third layer consists of bipolar neurons 双极细胞
* The second layer is formed ganglion cells 节细胞, whose axons form optic nerve
* The first layer consists of nerve axons that collect at the optic disk and pass through the sclera to form the optic nerve
* Optic disc 视神经盘 (blind spot), located medial to posterior pole of eye, and consists of optic nerve fibers and central artery of retina
* Macula lutea 黄斑
* Lies lateral about 3.5 mm to optic disc, a shallow depression, it is completely free of blood vessels and is yellowish in color ......
The Sensory Organs
山东大学医学院 解剖教研室
李振华
The Sensory Organs
Sensory organs include the receptors and accessory organs. The receptors may be divided into three kinds:
* The exteroceptors 外感受器: receive stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain, light and sound from the external environment
* The interoceptors 内感受器: pick up information about internal environment
* The proprioceptors 本体感受器: receive stimuli from muscles, tendons, joints and ligaments
The Visual Organ 视器
Composition: eyeball and accessory organs of eye
Shape of eyeball
* Has anterior and posterior poles
* Equator 赤道: an imaginary line encircling the eyeball, midway between anterior and posterior poles
* Axis of eyeball 眼轴: a line joining the two poles
* Optic axis 视轴: a line joining the center of the pupil to the fovea centralis
Walls of eyeball
Fibrous tunic of eyeball (outer)
* Cornea 角膜: anterior 1/6, a nonvascular, transparent portion, richly supplied by nerves; because it is curved, the cornea helps focus light
* Sclera 巩膜 (white of eye, opaque portion):
* posterior 5/6, consisting of fibrous connective tissue that forms a tough protective covering for eyeball,* Contains sinus venosus sclerae 巩膜静脉窦which lies beneath the junction of cornea and sclera
Vascular tunic of eyeball (middle)
* Iris 虹膜
* Thin contractile membrane anterior to ciliary body, with a central opening, the pupil 瞳孔
* Contains sphincter pupillae 瞳孔括约肌(circular fibers) and dilator pupillae 瞳孔开大肌 (radial fibers)
* Cornea and iris meet to form the iridocorneal angle 虹膜角膜角
* Cilliary body 睫状体
* Body a ring-shaped thickening anterior to equator, containing smooth muscle fibers called ciliary muscle 睫状肌
* Ciliary processes 睫状突: a series of some 60~80 projections producing aqueous humor
* Ciliary ring 睫状环
* Choroid 脉络膜
* Thin, highly vascular in posterior 2/3 of eye
* Contains brown pigmented cells and dense capillary plexus
Retina 视网膜
* Pars caeca retinae视网膜盲部
* Pars iridica retinae 视网膜虹膜部
* Pars ciliaris retinae 视网膜睫状体部
* Pars optica retinae视网膜视部
* Lines the choroidsComposed of two layers
* An outer pigment cell layer
* Inner neural layer (four layers)
* The fourth layer consists photoreceptor cells
* Cone cells 视锥细胞are color receptors that function best during the day
* Rod cells 视杆细胞are dark-light receptors that function best at night and in dim light
* The third layer consists of bipolar neurons 双极细胞
* The second layer is formed ganglion cells 节细胞, whose axons form optic nerve
* The first layer consists of nerve axons that collect at the optic disk and pass through the sclera to form the optic nerve
* Optic disc 视神经盘 (blind spot), located medial to posterior pole of eye, and consists of optic nerve fibers and central artery of retina
* Macula lutea 黄斑
* Lies lateral about 3.5 mm to optic disc, a shallow depression, it is completely free of blood vessels and is yellowish in color ......
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