04~小脑、间脑(Cerebellum).ppt
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The Cerebellum
山东大学医学院 解剖教研室
Position
* Lies above and behind the medullar and pons and occupies posterior cranial fossa
External features
Consists of two cerebellar hemisphere united in the midline by the vermis
External features
Three peduncles
* Inferior cerebellar peduncle 小脑下脚 -connect with medulla and with spinal cord, contain both afferent and efferent fibers
* Middle cerebellar peduncle 小脑中脚-connect with pons, contain afferent fibers
* Superior cerebellar peduncle 小脑上脚-connect with midbrain, contain mostly efferent fibers
External features
* Tonsil of cerebellum 小脑扁桃体 two elevated masses on inferior surface of hemispheral portion just nearby foramen magnum
Lobs
* Two deep fissures
* Primary fissure 原裂
* Posterolateral fissure 后外侧裂
* Three lobs
* Flocculonodular lobe 绒球小结叶 flocculus and nodule
* Anterior lobe
* Posterior lobe
Lobs
Internal structures
Gray matter
* Cerebellar cortex
* Cerebellar nuclei
* Dentate nucleus 齿状核
* Fastigial nucleus 顶核
* Interposed nucleus 中间核
* Emboliform nucleus 栓状核
* Globose nucleus球状核
White matter-medullary center 髓体
Internal structures
Three functional divisions
* Vestibulocerebellum 前庭小脑
* Archicerebellum 原小脑
* Flocculonodular lobe
* Spinocerebellum 脊髓小脑
* Paleocerebellum旧小脑
* Vermis and intermediate zone
* Cerebrocerebellum 大脑小脑
* Neocerebellum 新小脑
* Lateral zone
Connections and function of cerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum
* Connections
* Afferents: receive input from vestibular nuclei and primary vestibular
* Efferents: projects to the vestibular nucleus → vestibulospinal tract and medial longitudinal fasciculus → motor neurons of anterior horn
* Function: involved in eye movements and maintain balance
Connections and function of cerebellum
Spinocerebellum
* Connnection
* Afferents: receive somatic sensory information via spinocerebellar tracts
* Efferents:
* Vermis projects to the fastigial nucleus → vestibular nuclei and reticular formation → vestibulospinal tract and reticulospinal tract → motor neurons of anterior horn
* Intermediate zone projects to the interposed nuclei
* Contralateral red nucleus → rubrospinal tract →motor neurons of anterior horn
* Contralateral VI →cerebral cortex→ coticospinal tract→motor neurons of anterior horn ......
The Cerebellum
山东大学医学院 解剖教研室
Position
* Lies above and behind the medullar and pons and occupies posterior cranial fossa
External features
Consists of two cerebellar hemisphere united in the midline by the vermis
External features
Three peduncles
* Inferior cerebellar peduncle 小脑下脚 -connect with medulla and with spinal cord, contain both afferent and efferent fibers
* Middle cerebellar peduncle 小脑中脚-connect with pons, contain afferent fibers
* Superior cerebellar peduncle 小脑上脚-connect with midbrain, contain mostly efferent fibers
External features
* Tonsil of cerebellum 小脑扁桃体 two elevated masses on inferior surface of hemispheral portion just nearby foramen magnum
Lobs
* Two deep fissures
* Primary fissure 原裂
* Posterolateral fissure 后外侧裂
* Three lobs
* Flocculonodular lobe 绒球小结叶 flocculus and nodule
* Anterior lobe
* Posterior lobe
Lobs
Internal structures
Gray matter
* Cerebellar cortex
* Cerebellar nuclei
* Dentate nucleus 齿状核
* Fastigial nucleus 顶核
* Interposed nucleus 中间核
* Emboliform nucleus 栓状核
* Globose nucleus球状核
White matter-medullary center 髓体
Internal structures
Three functional divisions
* Vestibulocerebellum 前庭小脑
* Archicerebellum 原小脑
* Flocculonodular lobe
* Spinocerebellum 脊髓小脑
* Paleocerebellum旧小脑
* Vermis and intermediate zone
* Cerebrocerebellum 大脑小脑
* Neocerebellum 新小脑
* Lateral zone
Connections and function of cerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum
* Connections
* Afferents: receive input from vestibular nuclei and primary vestibular
* Efferents: projects to the vestibular nucleus → vestibulospinal tract and medial longitudinal fasciculus → motor neurons of anterior horn
* Function: involved in eye movements and maintain balance
Connections and function of cerebellum
Spinocerebellum
* Connnection
* Afferents: receive somatic sensory information via spinocerebellar tracts
* Efferents:
* Vermis projects to the fastigial nucleus → vestibular nuclei and reticular formation → vestibulospinal tract and reticulospinal tract → motor neurons of anterior horn
* Intermediate zone projects to the interposed nuclei
* Contralateral red nucleus → rubrospinal tract →motor neurons of anterior horn
* Contralateral VI →cerebral cortex→ coticospinal tract→motor neurons of anterior horn ......
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