15-人格.ppt
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Myers' PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 15
Personality
What is Personality?
* Personality
* an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
* basic perspectives
* Psychoanalytic
* Humanistic
The Psychoanalytic Perspective
* From Freud's theory which proposes that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality
The Psychoanalytic Perspective
* Psychoanalysis
* Freud's theory of personality that attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts
* techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
The Psychoanalytic Perspective
* Free Association
* in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious
* person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
The Psychoanalytic Perspective
* Unconscious
* according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories
* contemporary viewpoint- information processing of which we are unaware
Personality Structure
* Id
* contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy
* strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives
* operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification
Personality Structure
* Superego
* the part of personality that presents internalized ideals
* provides standards for judgement (the conscience) and for future aspirations
Personality Structure
* Ego
* the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality
* mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality
* operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
Personality Structure
* Freud's idea of the mind's structure
Personality Development
* Psychosexual Stages
* the childhood stages of development during which the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones
* Oedipus Complex
* a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
Personality Development
Personality Development
* Identification
* the process by which children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos
* Fixation
* a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, where conflicts were unresolved
Defense Mechanisms
* Defense Mechanisms
* the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
* Repression
* the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
Defense Mechanisms
* Regression
* defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated ......
Myers' PSYCHOLOGY
Chapter 15
Personality
What is Personality?
* Personality
* an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
* basic perspectives
* Psychoanalytic
* Humanistic
The Psychoanalytic Perspective
* From Freud's theory which proposes that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality
The Psychoanalytic Perspective
* Psychoanalysis
* Freud's theory of personality that attributes our thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts
* techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
The Psychoanalytic Perspective
* Free Association
* in psychoanalysis, a method of exploring the unconscious
* person relaxes and says whatever comes to mind, no matter how trivial or embarrassing
The Psychoanalytic Perspective
* Unconscious
* according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings and memories
* contemporary viewpoint- information processing of which we are unaware
Personality Structure
* Id
* contains a reservoir of unconscious psychic energy
* strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives
* operates on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification
Personality Structure
* Superego
* the part of personality that presents internalized ideals
* provides standards for judgement (the conscience) and for future aspirations
Personality Structure
* Ego
* the largely conscious, "executive" part of personality
* mediates among the demands of the id, superego, and reality
* operates on the reality principle, satisfying the id's desires in ways that will realistically bring pleasure rather than pain
Personality Structure
* Freud's idea of the mind's structure
Personality Development
* Psychosexual Stages
* the childhood stages of development during which the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones
* Oedipus Complex
* a boy's sexual desires toward his mother and feelings of jealousy and hatred for the rival father
Personality Development
Personality Development
* Identification
* the process by which children incorporate their parents' values into their developing superegos
* Fixation
* a lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier psychosexual stage, where conflicts were unresolved
Defense Mechanisms
* Defense Mechanisms
* the ego's protective methods of reducing anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality
* Repression
* the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness
Defense Mechanisms
* Regression
* defense mechanism in which an individual faced with anxiety retreats to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated ......
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