3中医英语翻译概论.pdf
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TCM Translation TCM Translation Theory Theory
中医英语翻译理论 中医英语翻译理论
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.1 仿造
– 翻译 SL 的無等值词汇時,用 TL 中的直接对应词
代換無等值词汇的組成部分 (词素 词)
– 借用英语中已有的相关單词來表达中医学特有的概
念
? 肝血 liver blood
? 血虚 blood deficiency
? 活血化瘀 activating blood to resolve stagnation
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.1 仿造
– 句子层次的翻译也能运用仿造法
? 從阴阳翻则生,逆之翻则死。
– Following (the law of) yin and yang ensures life,while violating it leads to death.
? 阴虚翻则热,阳虚翻则寒。
– Deficiency of yin generates heat and deficiency of
yang produces cold.2
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.2 定义化
– 中医术语高度凝煉,难以用同樣長短的英语表达清
楚
– 翻译往往以解釋、定义方式進行
? 辨证论治
– diagnosis and treatment based on the overall
analysis of symptoms and signs
? 虚脹
– Flatulence due to yang-deficiency of the spleen and
kidney
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.2 定义化
– 缺点
? 简洁变冗長,违反科技术语翻译、使用的原翻则
? 和语境难以配合
? 有碍中医术语英译迈向规范
– 简化处理
? 辨证论治
– treatment based on syndrome differentiation (Li)
– identifying patterns and determining treatment
(Wiseman)
? 虚胀
– deficiency-flatulence
– vacuity distension
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.3 词义分化
– 同一中医术语在不同语境下,可以有不同涵义 (一
词多义 polysemy)
– 同一概念也可用不同术语表达 (同义词 synonymy)
? 虚
? asthenia, deficiency, insufficiency, weakness, debility,hypofunction……3
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.3 词义分化
– 脾虚
? asthenia of the spleen (Li)
? spleen vacuity (Wiseman)
? spleen deficiency (WHO draft)
– 脾虚水泛
? hypofunction of the spleen (Li)
– 体虚
? weakness debility
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.3 词义分化
– 必須考虑语境
? a) 肾藏精,精舍志。
– 「精」指精气
– The kidney stores essence and the essence
maintains activities.
? b) 精1伤翻则骨痠痿厥,精2
時自下。
– 「精1 」指「肾精」; 「精2 」指「精液」
– The damage of the kidney essence causes aching
and flaccidity of the bones as well as cold sensation
in the limbs, which will further leads to frequent
seminal emission.
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.3 词义分化 (續)
– 必須考虑语境
? c) 脈理精微,其体难辨。
–「精 」指「精深」
– The theory of pulse is very profound and the
conditions of pulse are difficult to
differentiate.4
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.4 拼音化
– 當英语無法表达中医特有概念時,用拼音翻译
? 气
– Vital energy
– Qi
– 动笔! which term(s) should be phonetically transcribed?
? 四气五味
– four properties and five tastes (Li)
– four natures and five flavors (Wiseman)
? 滋阴降火
– nourishing yin to reduce fire
– enriching yin and downbearing fire
2 2 中医翻译的困难 中医翻译的困难
? 2.1 词汇缺口 (lexical gap)
– 翻译人員各有不同考虑、偏好
? 五行
– five elements, five phases, wuxing
? 命門
– gate of life, vital gate, vitaport, mingmen
? 三焦
– three warmers, triple burners, three heaters, triple
energizers, sanjiao
? 五脏
– five solid organs, five bowels, five zang-organs, five
zang-visceras, wuzang
2 2 中医翻译的困难 中医翻译的困难
? 2.2 理解偏差
– 历時、文化因素,使得术语理解困难
? 失笑散
– Powder for Lost Smiles
– Sudden Smile Powder
? 黃帝內经
– Yellow Emperor’s Internal Medicine
– (Huangdi’s) Canon of Medicine
– Huangdi’s Classics on Medicine
– Huangdi’s Internal Classic
– Huangdi Neijing5
2 2 中医翻译的困难 中医翻译的困难
? 重要经典译名舉隅
Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases
On Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases
伤寒杂病论
Synopsis of Golden Chamber ......
TCM Translation TCM Translation Theory Theory
中医英语翻译理论 中医英语翻译理论
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.1 仿造
– 翻译 SL 的無等值词汇時,用 TL 中的直接对应词
代換無等值词汇的組成部分 (词素 词)
– 借用英语中已有的相关單词來表达中医学特有的概
念
? 肝血 liver blood
? 血虚 blood deficiency
? 活血化瘀 activating blood to resolve stagnation
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.1 仿造
– 句子层次的翻译也能运用仿造法
? 從阴阳翻则生,逆之翻则死。
– Following (the law of) yin and yang ensures life,while violating it leads to death.
? 阴虚翻则热,阳虚翻则寒。
– Deficiency of yin generates heat and deficiency of
yang produces cold.2
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.2 定义化
– 中医术语高度凝煉,难以用同樣長短的英语表达清
楚
– 翻译往往以解釋、定义方式進行
? 辨证论治
– diagnosis and treatment based on the overall
analysis of symptoms and signs
? 虚脹
– Flatulence due to yang-deficiency of the spleen and
kidney
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.2 定义化
– 缺点
? 简洁变冗長,违反科技术语翻译、使用的原翻则
? 和语境难以配合
? 有碍中医术语英译迈向规范
– 简化处理
? 辨证论治
– treatment based on syndrome differentiation (Li)
– identifying patterns and determining treatment
(Wiseman)
? 虚胀
– deficiency-flatulence
– vacuity distension
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.3 词义分化
– 同一中医术语在不同语境下,可以有不同涵义 (一
词多义 polysemy)
– 同一概念也可用不同术语表达 (同义词 synonymy)
? 虚
? asthenia, deficiency, insufficiency, weakness, debility,hypofunction……3
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.3 词义分化
– 脾虚
? asthenia of the spleen (Li)
? spleen vacuity (Wiseman)
? spleen deficiency (WHO draft)
– 脾虚水泛
? hypofunction of the spleen (Li)
– 体虚
? weakness debility
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.3 词义分化
– 必須考虑语境
? a) 肾藏精,精舍志。
– 「精」指精气
– The kidney stores essence and the essence
maintains activities.
? b) 精1伤翻则骨痠痿厥,精2
時自下。
– 「精1 」指「肾精」; 「精2 」指「精液」
– The damage of the kidney essence causes aching
and flaccidity of the bones as well as cold sensation
in the limbs, which will further leads to frequent
seminal emission.
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.3 词义分化 (續)
– 必須考虑语境
? c) 脈理精微,其体难辨。
–「精 」指「精深」
– The theory of pulse is very profound and the
conditions of pulse are difficult to
differentiate.4
1 1 中医翻译概论 中医翻译概论
? 1.4 拼音化
– 當英语無法表达中医特有概念時,用拼音翻译
? 气
– Vital energy
– Qi
– 动笔! which term(s) should be phonetically transcribed?
? 四气五味
– four properties and five tastes (Li)
– four natures and five flavors (Wiseman)
? 滋阴降火
– nourishing yin to reduce fire
– enriching yin and downbearing fire
2 2 中医翻译的困难 中医翻译的困难
? 2.1 词汇缺口 (lexical gap)
– 翻译人員各有不同考虑、偏好
? 五行
– five elements, five phases, wuxing
? 命門
– gate of life, vital gate, vitaport, mingmen
? 三焦
– three warmers, triple burners, three heaters, triple
energizers, sanjiao
? 五脏
– five solid organs, five bowels, five zang-organs, five
zang-visceras, wuzang
2 2 中医翻译的困难 中医翻译的困难
? 2.2 理解偏差
– 历時、文化因素,使得术语理解困难
? 失笑散
– Powder for Lost Smiles
– Sudden Smile Powder
? 黃帝內经
– Yellow Emperor’s Internal Medicine
– (Huangdi’s) Canon of Medicine
– Huangdi’s Classics on Medicine
– Huangdi’s Internal Classic
– Huangdi Neijing5
2 2 中医翻译的困难 中医翻译的困难
? 重要经典译名舉隅
Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases
On Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases
伤寒杂病论
Synopsis of Golden Chamber ......
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