孙子兵法(中英对照)
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The Art of War
孙武
By Sun Tzu
Translated by Lionel Giles
始计第一
Laying Plans
孙子曰：兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。
Sun Tzu said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected.
, 百拇医药
故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。
The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one\s plans.
兵者，诡道也。
All warfare is based on deception.
故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。
Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near.
, 百拇医药
利而诱之，乱而取之，Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feign disorder, and crush him.
实而备之，强而避之，If he is secure at all points, be prepared for him. If he is in superior strength, evade him.
怒而挠之，卑而骄之，If your opponent is of choleric temper, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant.
佚而劳之，亲而离之，If he is taking his ease, give him no rest. If his forces are united, separate them.
, 百拇医药
攻其无备，出其不意。
Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected.
此兵家之胜，不可先传也。
These military devices, leading to victory, must not be divulged beforehand.
夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。多算胜少算，而况于无算乎!吾以此观之，胜负见矣。
Now the general who wins a battle makes many calculations in his temple where the battle is fought. The general who loses a battle makes but few calculations beforehand. Thus do many calculations lead to victory, and few calculations to defeat: how much more no calculation at all! It is by attention to this point that I can foresee who is likely to win or lose.
, 百拇医药
作战第二
II. Waging War
孙子曰：凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮。则内外之费，宾客之用，胶
漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。
Sun Tzu said: In the operations of war, where there are in the field a thousand swift chariots, as many heavy chariots, and a hundred thousand mail-clad soldiers, with provisions enough to carry them a thousand li, the expenditure at home and at the front, including entertainment of guests, small items such as glue and paint, and sums spent on chariots and armor, will reach the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day. Such is the cost of raising an army of 100,000 men.
, 百拇医药
其用战也，胜久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈，When you engage in actual fighting, if victory is long in coming, then men\s substance to be drained away.
财竭则急于丘役。
When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions.
力屈中原、内虚于家，百姓之费，十去其七；公家之费，破军罢马，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛橹，丘牛大车，十去其六。
With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare, and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated; while government expenses for broken chariots, worn-out horses, breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields, protective mantles, draught-oxen and heavy wagons, will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue.
, http://www.100md.com
故智将务食于敌，食敌一钟，当吾二十钟；□①杆一石，当吾二十石。
Hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy. One cartload of the enemy\s own, and likewise a single picul of his provender is equivalent to twenty from one\s own strength.
故兵贵胜，不贵久。
In war, then, let your great object be victory, not lengthy campaigns.
故知兵之将，民之司命。国家安危之主也。
Thus it may be known that the leader of armies is the arbiter of the people\s country whole and intact; to shatter and destroy it is not so good. So, too, it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy it, to capture a regiment, a detachment or a company entire than to destroy them.
, 百拇医药
是故百战百胜，非善之善也；不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也。
Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy\s plans; the next best is to prevent the junction of the enemy\s army in the field; and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities.
攻城之法，为不得已。修橹□①□②，具器械，三月而后成；距堙，又三月而后已。
The rule is, not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided. The preparation of mantlets, movable shelters, and various implements of war, will take up three whole months; and the piling up of mounds over against the walls will take three months more.
, 百拇医药
将不胜其忿而蚁附之，杀士卒三分之一，而城不拔者，此攻之灾也。
The general, unable to control his irritation, will launch his men to the assault like swarming ants, with the result that one-third of his men are slain, while the town still remains untaken. Such are the disastrous effects of a siege.
故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非战也，拔人之城而非攻也，毁人之国而非久也，Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy\s one, to surround him; if five to one, to attack him; if twice as numerous, to divide our army into two.
, http://www.100md.com
敌则能战之，少则能逃之，不若则能避之。
If equally matched, we can offer battle; if slightly inferior in numbers, we can avoid the enemy; if quite unequal in every way, we can flee from him.
故小敌之坚，大敌之擒也。
Hence, though an obstinate fight may be made by a small force, in the end it must be captured by the larger force.
夫将者，国之辅也。辅周则国必强，辅隙则国必弱。
Now the general is the bulwark of the State; if the bulwark is complete at all points; the State will be strong; if the bulwark is defective, the State will be weak.
, 百拇医药
故君之所以患于军者三：
There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his army:--
(1) 不知军之不可以进而谓之进，不知军之不可以退而谓之退，是谓縻军；
(1) By commanding the army to advance or to retreat, being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey. This is called hobbling the army.
(2) 不知三军之事而同三军之政，则军士惑矣；
(2) By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom, being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier\Well done!\, http://www.100md.com
The Art of War
孙武
By Sun Tzu
Translated by Lionel Giles
始计第一
Laying Plans
孙子曰：兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。
Sun Tzu said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected.
, 百拇医药
故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。
The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one\s plans.
兵者，诡道也。
All warfare is based on deception.
故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。
Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near.
, 百拇医药
利而诱之，乱而取之，Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feign disorder, and crush him.
实而备之，强而避之，If he is secure at all points, be prepared for him. If he is in superior strength, evade him.
怒而挠之，卑而骄之，If your opponent is of choleric temper, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant.
佚而劳之，亲而离之，If he is taking his ease, give him no rest. If his forces are united, separate them.
, 百拇医药
攻其无备，出其不意。
Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected.
此兵家之胜，不可先传也。
These military devices, leading to victory, must not be divulged beforehand.
夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。多算胜少算，而况于无算乎!吾以此观之，胜负见矣。
Now the general who wins a battle makes many calculations in his temple where the battle is fought. The general who loses a battle makes but few calculations beforehand. Thus do many calculations lead to victory, and few calculations to defeat: how much more no calculation at all! It is by attention to this point that I can foresee who is likely to win or lose.
, 百拇医药
作战第二
II. Waging War
孙子曰：凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮。则内外之费，宾客之用，胶
漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。
Sun Tzu said: In the operations of war, where there are in the field a thousand swift chariots, as many heavy chariots, and a hundred thousand mail-clad soldiers, with provisions enough to carry them a thousand li, the expenditure at home and at the front, including entertainment of guests, small items such as glue and paint, and sums spent on chariots and armor, will reach the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day. Such is the cost of raising an army of 100,000 men.
, 百拇医药
其用战也，胜久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈，When you engage in actual fighting, if victory is long in coming, then men\s substance to be drained away.
财竭则急于丘役。
When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions.
力屈中原、内虚于家，百姓之费，十去其七；公家之费，破军罢马，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛橹，丘牛大车，十去其六。
With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare, and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated; while government expenses for broken chariots, worn-out horses, breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields, protective mantles, draught-oxen and heavy wagons, will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue.
, http://www.100md.com
故智将务食于敌，食敌一钟，当吾二十钟；□①杆一石，当吾二十石。
Hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy. One cartload of the enemy\s own, and likewise a single picul of his provender is equivalent to twenty from one\s own strength.
故兵贵胜，不贵久。
In war, then, let your great object be victory, not lengthy campaigns.
故知兵之将，民之司命。国家安危之主也。
Thus it may be known that the leader of armies is the arbiter of the people\s country whole and intact; to shatter and destroy it is not so good. So, too, it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy it, to capture a regiment, a detachment or a company entire than to destroy them.
, 百拇医药
是故百战百胜，非善之善也；不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也。
Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy\s plans; the next best is to prevent the junction of the enemy\s army in the field; and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities.
攻城之法，为不得已。修橹□①□②，具器械，三月而后成；距堙，又三月而后已。
The rule is, not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided. The preparation of mantlets, movable shelters, and various implements of war, will take up three whole months; and the piling up of mounds over against the walls will take three months more.
, 百拇医药
将不胜其忿而蚁附之，杀士卒三分之一，而城不拔者，此攻之灾也。
The general, unable to control his irritation, will launch his men to the assault like swarming ants, with the result that one-third of his men are slain, while the town still remains untaken. Such are the disastrous effects of a siege.
故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非战也，拔人之城而非攻也，毁人之国而非久也，Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy\s one, to surround him; if five to one, to attack him; if twice as numerous, to divide our army into two.
, http://www.100md.com
敌则能战之，少则能逃之，不若则能避之。
If equally matched, we can offer battle; if slightly inferior in numbers, we can avoid the enemy; if quite unequal in every way, we can flee from him.
故小敌之坚，大敌之擒也。
Hence, though an obstinate fight may be made by a small force, in the end it must be captured by the larger force.
夫将者，国之辅也。辅周则国必强，辅隙则国必弱。
Now the general is the bulwark of the State; if the bulwark is complete at all points; the State will be strong; if the bulwark is defective, the State will be weak.
, 百拇医药
故君之所以患于军者三：
There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his army:--
(1) 不知军之不可以进而谓之进，不知军之不可以退而谓之退，是谓縻军；
(1) By commanding the army to advance or to retreat, being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey. This is called hobbling the army.
(2) 不知三军之事而同三军之政，则军士惑矣；
(2) By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom, being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier\Well done!\, http://www.100md.com