温度对保护液肺动脉灌注改善体外循环未成熟犬肺损伤的影响
(1解放军第88医院胸心外科，山东 泰安 271000， 2山东省军区泰安军分区第一干休所卫生所， 3第四军医大学西京医院心血管外科研究所)
Effects of perfusion solution temperature on its protection against immature canine lung injury during cardiopulmonary bypass
SU XueJia1, ZHANG HuiYing2, YI DingHua3, ZHANG ZhiYong1, ZHU Bin1
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, PLA No.88 Hospital， Taian 271000, China, 2Clinic of First Resthome, Taian dispartment of Shandong Province Military Command, Taian 271000, China, 3Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Xian 710033, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To explore the effects of the perfusion solution temperature on its protection against immature canine lung injury during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: Infant canines (n=56) were divided into seven groups (n=8): The sham operation group, CPB group and five different temperature perfusion groups. In each perfusion group, lung was perfused continuously through pulmonary artery by 150 mL/(kg·h) and 2.1~2.4 kPa with different temperature solution until the aorta and pulmonary arteries were uncrossclamped. Pathological changes were observed and the levels of PO2/FiO2, pulmonary surfactant (PS), NO, malonyldialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), wet/dry (W/D) and Evans blue (EB) were measured. RESULTS: In the 10℃ and 15℃ perfusion groups, the levels of PO2/FiO2, PS and NO were significantly higher than those of CPB group and other temperature perfusion groups, while the W/D and EB levels of the former groups were lower than those of the latter groups. Among the perfusion groups, there was no difference in the contents of MDA and the activity of MPO, which were higher than those of the CPB group. The histological and ultrastructure changes in the 10℃ and 15℃ groups were less significant than those of the CPB and other temperature perfusion groups. CONCLUSION: Continuous perfusion through pulmonary artery with hypothermia protective solution during CPB can significantly attenuate immature lung injury and the optimal temperature is 10～15℃.
【Keywords】 temperature; perfusion; cardiopulmonary bypass; lung/injury
【摘要】 目的： 探讨温度对肺保护液在CPB期间进行肺动脉灌注改善未成熟犬肺损伤的影响. 方法： 月龄幼犬56只，随机分为对照及不同温度保护液灌注等7组. 灌注组在阻闭主、肺动脉的同时，肺动脉远端持续灌注不同温度LPD肺保护液，直至主、肺动脉开放. 测定肺静脉血氧饱和度、肺泡表面活性剂、NO、MDA、MPO、肺组织含水量及肺血管通透性，观察组织学及超微结构改变. 结果： 10℃和15℃灌注组PO2/FiO2、PS、NO明显升高，W/D、EB强度值明显下降，而MDA、MPO在各温度灌注组改变不明显且4℃灌注组还略高，但上述指标各温度灌注组均较对照组有改善. 组织学及超微结构亦是10℃、15℃灌注组损伤最轻. 结论： CPB过程中应用低温保护液肺动脉灌注可减轻未成熟犬肺损伤，10℃和15℃灌注组保护效果最佳.
【关键词】 温度；灌流；心肺转流术；肺/损伤
【中图号】 R541.2【文献标识码】 A
Captek基底对烤瓷修复体颜色影响的实验研究
刘玉红1，邹承蓉2，丁弘仁1，施长溪1，何惠明1
(1第四军医大学秦都口腔医学院修复科,陕西 西安 710033， 2兰州军区机关第二门诊部口腔科，甘肃 兰州 730000)
Influence of Captek substructure on color of PFM crowns
LIU YuHong1, ZOU ChengRong2, DING HongRen1, SHI ChangXi1, HE HuiMing1
1Department of Prosthetics, College of Qindu Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian 710033, China, 2Department of Stomatology, Official No. 2 Clinic, Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou 730000, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To investigate the influence of captek substructure on the color of porcelainfusedtometal restoration. METHODS: Two kinds of porcelain were fired on the substructure of crowns made of three kinds of dental alloys i.e. captek, high gold dental alloy and NiCr alloy. The colors of samples were measured following fire with CIE1976 L*a*b* color system and porcelain discs with no substructure as control. RESULTS: Colors differences compared by Ivoclar Porcelain powder and Ceramco Porcelain powder between the three groups using three kinds of dental alloys and the control group was (0.78±0.26), (0.69±0.25), (1.30±0.31), and (1.43±0.78), (1.29±0.78), (4.18±1.37), respectively. Both ΔE Captek/NiCr and ΔE NiCr/Pentron Bio86 were higher than 1.5nbs. CONCLUSION: Restoration made of Captek substructure will not affect the color of PEF crowns, and it can optimally restore the selected color.
【Keywords】 PFM crown; color; dental alloy
【摘要】 目的： 研究Captek基底对烤瓷修复体颜色的影响. 方法： 采用CIE1976L*a*b*比色系统比较了Captek、贵金属合金、镍铬合金3种基底合金对烤瓷修复体颜色的影响，采用两种瓷粉(Ivoclar瓷粉, Ceramco瓷粉)制作的无基底的全层瓷片做对照组. 结果： 使用Ivoclar瓷粉3个实验组与对照组色差值分别为： (0.78±0.26)，(0.69±0.25)，(1.30±0.31)；使用Ceramco瓷粉3个实验组与对照组色差值分别为： (1.43±0.78)，(1.29±0.78)，(4.18±1.37). ΔECaptek/NiCr，ΔENiCr/Pentron Bio86均大于1.5NBS. 结论： Captek基底对烤瓷修复体颜色无影响,可以较理想地复现选定的颜色.
【关键词】 烤瓷修复体； 颜色； 牙科合金
【中图号】 R783.1; R783.3【文献标识码】 A
重组水蛭素通过降低白细胞浸润减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤
冷立娟1，杨欣国1，李波1，冷钦2，李文联3，张红爱3(1第四军医大学唐都医院心血管内科， 3第四军医大学唐都医院小儿科，陕西 西安 710038， 2青岛市胶州中心医院小儿科，山东 胶州 266300)
Recombinant hirudin reduces myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury by inhibiting leukocyte infiltration
LENG LiJuan1， YANG XinGuo1， LI Bo1， LENG Qin2， LI WenLian3， ZHANG HongAi3
1Department of Cardiovasology， 3Department of Pediatrics， Tangdu Hospital， Fourth Military Medical University， Xian 710038, China, 2Department of Pediatrics， Jiaozhou Central Hospital， Jiaozhou 266300, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To investigate the effects of recombinant hirudin (rhirudin) on the accumulation of neutrophils in ischemic cardiac tissues and its cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits. METHODS: A total of 24 rabbits were randomly divided into ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group (n= 12) and rhirudin (rH) group (n=12). In the I/R group, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 45 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. In the rH group, the rabbits underwent the same operation as that in the I/R group and the rH treatment began with the intravenous administration of 1 mgkg bolus 15 min before reperfusion and continued with an intravenous infusion of 1 mg/(kg·h) for 120 min during reperfusion. The levels of plasma creatine phosphokinase (CK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined. Changes were observed of the neutrophil accumulation in the ischemic cardiac tissues and the myocardial area at risk and the infarct size at the end of reperfusion. RESULTS: The infiltration of neutrophils in the ischemic cardiac tissues, the infarct size, and the plasma concentrations of CK and LDH increased significantly in I/R group. The administration of rH not only significantly reduced the accumulation of neutrophils, but also significantly reduced the infarct size, alleviating the myocardial reperfusion injury (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Rhirudin has the cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration in ischemic cardiac tissues.
【Keywords】 hirudin； myocardial reperfusion injury； neutrophils
【摘要】 目的： 探讨重组水蛭素(rhirudin)对兔心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及其对缺血心肌中白细胞浸润的影响. 方法： 24只日本大耳白兔随机分为2组，每组12只.缺血再灌注(I/R)组： 心脏左冠状动脉前降支缺血45 min、再灌注120 min；重组水蛭素(rH)组： 缺血45 min、再灌注120 min，再灌注前15 min静注重组水蛭素(1 mg/kg)，再灌注时继以持续静滴重组水蛭素[1 mg/(kg·h)]120 min.测定血浆肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性，并观察缺血心肌内白细胞聚集、心肌缺血及梗死范围的变化. 结果： I/R组缺血心肌内白细胞聚集，血浆CK、LDH活性明显增高，心肌梗死面积明显增大；给予重组水蛭素，可显著降低缺血心肌内白细胞聚集，降低梗死面积，减轻心肌再灌注损伤(P<0.05). 结论： 重组水蛭素能够抑制再灌注期缺血心肌内白细胞浸润，拮抗心肌缺血/再灌注损伤.
【关键词】 水蛭素；心肌再灌注损伤；中性白细胞
【中图号】 R542.2【文献标识码】 A
霉酚酸酯对难治性ITP患者疗效及免疫功能影响
陈银霞1，秦岚2，张王刚1，刘捷1，马肖容1，何爱丽1，赵万红1 (1西安交通大学第二医院血液科，陕西 西安 710004， 2中国医学科学院、中国协和医科大学血液学研究所、血液病医院，天津 300020)
Therapeutic effects of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with refractory ITP and its effect on the patients immune function
CHEN YinXia1, QIN Lan2, ZHANG WangGang1, LIU Jie1, MA XiaoRong1, HE AiLi1, ZHAO WanHong1
1Department of Hematology, Second Hospital, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, China, 2Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital ,CAMS and PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To observe the therapeutic effects of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a new kind of immunosuppressant, in treating patients with refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and its effects on patients immune function. METHODS: Platelet associated IgG (PAIgG) was detected by ELISA, and IgG and IgA, IgM were assayed by immunization scattering contrast emulation. Tcell subsets were estimated by flow cytometry an the function of liver and kidney was also observed. RESULTS: MMF was effective in 80% of the patients, including significant modification in 45% and moderate modification in 20%. Phenotypic analysis of T cell subsets showed a significant increase of the CD4+ and decrease of CD8+ and an increase of CD4+/CD8+ ratio following therapy (P<0.01), but little increase in the percentage of CD3+ cells was observed (P<0.05). An obvious decrease of the plasma level of IgG, IgA and PAIgG (P<0.01) and a little decrease of IgM (P<0.05) were observed. No remarkable injury was discovered in the functions of liver and kidney after treatment with MMF. CONCLUSION: MMF can inhibit T and B lymphocytes selectively and is a new type of immunosuppresant used in treating refractory ITP, which has less toxicity and fewer sideeffects.
【Keywords】 mycophenolate mofetil; purpura thrombocytopenic, idiopathic; treatment outeome; immune function
【摘要】 目的： 观察新型免疫抑制剂霉酚酸酯(mycophenolate mofetil， MMF)对难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, ITP)的疗效及免疫功能的影响. 方法： 应用酶联免疫吸附法、散射比浊法和流式细胞术观察MMF治疗前后难治性ITP患者血清血小板抗体、免疫球蛋白(IgG,IgA,IgM)、淋巴细胞亚群的变化及MMF治疗对肝脏、肾脏功能的影响. 结果： 难治性ITP患者经MMF治疗后有效率为80%，其中显效45%，良效20%；与治疗前相比，血小板相关抗体PAIgG明显下降(P<0.01)；血清免疫球蛋白IgG, IgA明显降低(P<0.01), IgM有所降低(P<0.05)；CD3略有升高(P<0.05)，CD4明显增高(P<0.01)，CD8明显降低(P<0.01)，CD4/CD8明显升高(P<0.01). MMF对肝脏、肾脏功能无明显损害. 结论： MMF能选择性抑制T、B淋巴细胞功能，毒副作用较少，是一种治疗难治性ITP的新型免疫抑制剂.
【关键词】 霉酚酸酯；紫癜，血小板减少性，特发性；治疗效果；免疫功能
【中图号】 R554.6【文献标识码】 A
组织微阵列技术分析妊高征胎盘组织中缺氧诱导因子1α蛋白的表达
孙飞1，李东红1，尹国武1，姜锋1，王淑芳2
(第四军医大学： 1唐都医院妇产科， 2唐都医院病理科，陕西 西安 710038)
Detection of HIF1α expression in placenta from pregnancy induced hypertension using tissue microarray
SUN Fei1, LI DongHong1, YIN GuoWu1, JIANG Feng1, WANG ShuFang2
1Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian 710038, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To detect the expression of hypoxia inducible factor1α(HIF1α) in placentas from pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH)and its role in the etiology and pathophysiology of PIH. METHODS: Placenta specimens of PIH pregnancies and normal pregnancies were detected for HIF1α expression by tissue microarray combined with immunohitochemistry. RESULTS: Compared with those of the normal pregnancies, the levels of HIF1α in placentas of PIH pregnancies were significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: HIF1αmay be involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of PIH at the protein level.
【Keywords】 pregnancy complications, cardiovascular; hypertension; hypoxia inducible factor1α; tissue microarray
【摘要】 目的： 探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α(Hypoxiainducible factor1α, HIF1α)在妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)患者胎盘组织中蛋白的表达情况. 方法： 应用组织芯片技术，通过免疫组织化学方法分别检测妊高征患者和健康孕妇胎盘组织中HIF1α蛋白的表达. 结果： 与正常胎盘组织相比，妊高征胎盘组织中HIF1α的蛋白表达明显增高(P<0.05). 结论： HIF1α可能在蛋白水平上参与了妊高征发病及病理生理过程.
【关键词】 妊娠并发症，心血管；高血压；缺氧诱导因子1α；组织芯片
【中图号】 R714.246【文献标识码】 A
人类精液中一氧化氮和转铁蛋白含量的关系
杨麦贵1，郝晓柯1，杨阳3，同丽萍2，郑善銮1，张建芳1，樊爱玲1
(第四军医大学： 1西京医院检验科， 2药剂科, 3学员旅，陕西 西安 710033)
Relation of nitric oxide with transferrin content in human semen
YANG MaiGui1, HAO XiaoKe1, YANG Yang3, TONG LiPing2, ZHENG ShanLuan1, ZHANG JianFang1, FAN AiLing1
1Department of Clinical Laboratories, 2Department of Pharmacy Xijing Hospital, 3Student Force, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian 710033, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To discuss the relation of nitric oxide (NO) with the transferrin (Tf) content and the quality of the sperm cells. METHODS: The semen was analyzed according to WHOs standard. Supportor cells were purified from rat testis by collagenase digestion and hyaluronidase and cultured in Hams F-12 medium. SNP, the donor of NO, was added in test group. The contents of NO-3 and Tf in 48-hour culture supernatant were measured using copper-coated cadmium reduction method and immunonephelometry, respectively. RESULTS: The Tf content, sperm density and the activity rate of sperm cells decreased with the increase of NO level (P<0.01) and the Tf content in supernatant of cultured supportor cells in test group [(12.6±7.5) μmol/L ] was remarkably lower than that in control group [(21.6±8.8) μmol/L, (P<0.01)]. CONCLUSION: The Tf content in semen is indicative of the quality of sperms and the function of supportor cells. NO inhibits the activity of sperms and the Tf secretion of supportor cells. This finding is very valuable in studying the mechanism of sterility.
【Keywords】 semen; transferrin; nitric oxide; sertoli cells; sodium nitroprusside
【摘要】 目的： 探讨一氧化氮(NO)与人精液转铁蛋白(Tf)含量及精子质量的关系. 方法： 参照WHO标准，进行精液常规分析. 无菌取大鼠睾丸，经胶原酶和透明质酸酶消化，分离出纯度较高的支持细胞，用Hams F12培养液培养. 实验组加入NO供体硝普钠(SNP)，同对照组一起培养48 h取上清液，采用镀铜镉还原荧光法检测NO代谢产物硝酸盐(NO-3). 用免疫散射比浊法检测Tf含量. 结果： 130例不育者精液Tf含量、精子密度和活动率随NO含量升高而降低，呈显著的负相关(P<0.01)，大鼠睾丸支持细胞悬液Tf含量正常生育组[(22±9)μmol/L]显著高于不育组[(13±8)μmol/L, P<0.01]. 结论： 精液Tf含量测定有助于评价精子质量，可作为反映支持细胞功能的特异指标，NO对精子运动能力及支持细胞产生和分泌Tf有抑制作用，这对研究不育症的机制有重要价值.
【关键词】 精液；转铁蛋白；一氧化氮；塞尔托利氏细胞；硝普钠
【中图号】 R321.1【文献标识码】 A
单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光试验检测生殖器单纯疱疹病毒感染
刘军连1，徐志凯2，喻启桂2，王红英3，郑燕华1，吕世超1，张建中1
(1解放军第306医院皮肤科，北京100101，第四军医大学：2基础部微生物学教研室，3西京医院妇产科，陕西 西安 710033)
Indirect immunofluorescence assay with monoclonal antibodies in detecting genital herpes simplex virus infection
LIU JunLian1, XU ZhiKai2, YU QiGui2, WANG HongYing3, ZHENG YanHua1, Lü ShiChao1, ZHANG JianZhong1
1Department of Dermatology, PLA 306th Hospital, Beijing 100101, China, 2Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, 3Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710033, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To evaluate the application of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) in the diagnosis of genital herpes. METHODS: Both viral culture and IFA mediated by groupshared herpes simplex virus (HSV) glucoprotein monoclonal antibodies were adopted in detecting 120 patients with clinically diagnosed genital herpes. RESULTS: The HSV positivity rate detected by IFA was significantly higher than that by viral culture (85.8% vs 70.8%，P<0.01). Different from those in detecting HSV from erosion and crust eruption, the positivity rates in detecting HSV from blister by the two methods were of no statistical significance (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: IFA is a cheap, rapid and sensitive method for HSV detection and can be used in the diagnosis of genital herpes.
【Keywords】 simplex virus; herpes genitalis; antibody; monoclonal; immunofluorescence assay antibody technique, indirect; detection
【摘要】 目的：评价间接免疫荧光试验 (IFA)在生殖器疱疹(GH)诊断中的应用价值. 方法：采用以单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)型共同性单克隆抗体为夹心的IFA方法，检测了120例临床诊断为GH患者皮疹中的HSV，并与病毒培养法进行比较. 结果：IFA检测HSV的总阳性率为85.8%，高于病毒培养法的阳性率(70.8%，χ2=12.04，P<0.01). 两种方法检测GH患者皮肤水疱内的HSV阳性率分别为93.3%和90.0%，无明显差异(χ2=1.96，P>0.05)；而检测糜烂和结痂性皮疹内的HSV时，IFA 的阳性率分别为92.6%和69.4%，均分别高于病毒培养法(75.9%，χ2=5.82，P<0.05；47.2%，χ2=14.17，P<0.01). 结论： IFA 法具有简单、快速、敏感性高的优点，适用于检测GH患者皮疹内HSV，有临床实用价值.
【关键词】 单纯病毒属；生殖器疱疹；抗体，单克隆；荧光抗体技术；间接检测
【中图号】 R697.16【文献标识码】 A
Landsat ETM+遥感图像监测江宁县江滩钉螺分布
张治英1，周文利2，张波1，周云3，周晓农4，刘士军5，龚自立5，徐德忠1(1第四军医大学预防医学系流行病学教研室，陕西 西安 710033， 2西安市碑林区卫生防疫站，陕西 西安 710001， 3江苏省江宁县疾病预防控制中心，江苏 江宁 211100， 4中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病防治研究所，上海 200025， 5南京军区联勤部防疫队 江苏 南京 210014)
Application of remote sensing data from Landsat ETM+ in predicting the schistosomiasistransmittedsnails distribution in marshlands of Jiangning County
ZHANG ZhiYing1, ZHOU WenLi2, ZHANG Bo1, ZHOU Yun3, ZHOU XiaoNong4, LIU ShiJun5, GONG ZiLi5, XU DeZhong1
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian 710033, China, 2Center of Disease Control & Prevention of Beilin District, Xian 710001, China, 3Center of Disease Control & Prevention of Jiangning County, Jiangning 211100, China, 4Institute of Parasitic Disease, Center of Disease Control & Prevention of China, Shanghai 200025, 5Antiepidemic team, Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210014, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To explore the application of satellite data to the prediction of the schistosomiasistransmittedsnails distribution in marshlands. METHODS: Surrogate indices of environment in marshlands were derived from the Landsat ETM+ images and their relationships with the density of live snails in habitats were analyzed using the stepwise regression and the ordinary kriging. RESULTS: The analysis of the surrogate indices of environment from the Landsat ETM+ images showed that the indices in snail habitats of marshlands in Jiangning County varied in a narrow range. The stepwise regression and the ordinary Kriging analysis demonstrated that the density of live snails in habitats of marshlands was related to the indices from remote sensing, such as the modified soiladjusted vegetation index (χ1), land surface wetness (χ2) and temperature (χ3). The equation was presented as Y=2.481+3.219χ1-9.143χ2-0.26χ3 + residual, where Y was the square root of the density of livesnails in habitats, and the residual was the prediction of the regression residual using the ordinary kriging. The determinant coefficient of the equation was about 0.852. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to predict the distribution of snails in marshlands using the surrogate indices of environment from remote sensing.
【Keywords】 snails; remote sensing; kriging
【摘要】 目的： 探讨遥感资料在江滩钉螺监测中的应用. 方法： 从遥感资料中提取江滩钉螺孳生地的环境因素遥感替代指标，并用逐步多元回归分析及普通克立格研究其与活螺分布的关系. 结果： 分析显示从Landsat ETM+ 图像中提取的江宁县江滩钉螺孳生地环境因素的遥感替代指标均处在一个比较小的范围中；多元逐步回归结合普通克立格空间分析发现江宁县江滩钉螺孳生地活螺密度与孳生地的修正土壤调整植被指数(χ1)、地表湿度(χ2)及温度(χ3)有关，且存在： Y=2.481+3.219χ1-9.143χ2-0.26χ3+残差预测，其中Y为活螺密度的平方根; 该模型的决定系数为0.852. 结论： 通过遥感资料提取钉螺孳生地的环境因素指标可用于预测江滩钉螺的分布.
【关键词】 钉螺；遥感；克立格
【中图号】R181.13【文献标识码】A
乙型肝炎病毒宫内感染的随访研究
刘一萍1，门可1，徐德忠1，王安辉1，徐剑秋2，闫永平1
(1第四军医大学预防医学系流行病学教研室，陕西 西安 710033， 2陕西省妇幼保健医院产科，陕西 西安 710003)
A followup study of hepatitis B virus intrauterine infection
LIU YiPing1, MEN Ke1, XU DeZhong1， WANG AnHui1， XU JianQiu2, YAN YongPing1
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian 710033, China, 2Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Children Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xian 710003, China
【Abstract】 AIM： To observe the longterm development of infants with Hepatitis B virus intrauterine infection. METHODS: HBV markers (including HBsAg, antiHBs, HBeAg, antiHBe, antiHBc) in all followedup subjects were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the serum alanine transaminase levels were assayed by autoanalyzer. RESULTS: Fiftynine pairs of mothers and children were followed up. Among the 59 children, 5 were sera positive for HBsAg at birth, out of whom, 3 were persistently sera positive for HBsAg, and they were all born from mothers whose sera were positive for HBsAg and HBeAg, the rest 2 became sera negative for HBsAg and positive for antiHBs. Obvious differences were found in the mothers sera HBV markers before and after delivery. CONCLUSION: Serum positivity for HBeAg in mothers blood samples is the most important risk factor of HBV intrauterine infection, and serum positivity for both HBsAg and HBeAg are the risk factor of the childrens chronic HBV infection. Intrauterine infection may be responsible for the nonresponse to the vaccine in infants. HBsAgpositive pregnant women may increase the risk of intrauterine infection.
【Keywords】 hepatitis B virus; Intrauterine infection; hepatitis Be antigens; immune tolerance
【摘要】 目的： 了解发生乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)宫内感染的婴儿的转归情况. 方法: 对402名HBsAg阳性母亲的婴儿的宫内感染等情况进行远期随访. 所有随访到的母亲和孩子的血清检测肝功能和HBV标志物. 结果： 随访到59对母亲和孩子. 59例HBsAg阳性孕妇所生婴儿中，出生时5例HBsAg阳性，其中3例HBsAg持续阳性，且这3例HBsAg持续阳性的儿童全部为HBsAg、HBeAg阳性母亲所生；2例HBsAg阴转并产生抗HBs；母亲HBV标志物血清学在分娩前后变化明显.结论： 母亲HBeAg阳性是婴儿发生HBV宫内传播的主要危险因素，尤其是孕妇既往HBsAg携带分娩时HBeAg阳性是婴儿发生HBV宫内传播后形成乙肝病毒携带的危险因素；婴儿的免疫无应答应判定为宫内感染；HBsAg阳性母亲妊娠过程中乙肝加重，同时也增大了宫内感染的危险.
【关键词】 肝炎病毒，乙型；宫内感染；肝炎e抗原，乙型；免疫耐受
【中图号】 R512.62【文献标识码】 A, http://www.100md.com(宿学家 ，张慧颖 ，易定华 ，张志勇 ，朱斌)
Effects of perfusion solution temperature on its protection against immature canine lung injury during cardiopulmonary bypass
SU XueJia1, ZHANG HuiYing2, YI DingHua3, ZHANG ZhiYong1, ZHU Bin1
1Department of Thoracic Surgery, PLA No.88 Hospital， Taian 271000, China, 2Clinic of First Resthome, Taian dispartment of Shandong Province Military Command, Taian 271000, China, 3Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Xian 710033, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To explore the effects of the perfusion solution temperature on its protection against immature canine lung injury during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: Infant canines (n=56) were divided into seven groups (n=8): The sham operation group, CPB group and five different temperature perfusion groups. In each perfusion group, lung was perfused continuously through pulmonary artery by 150 mL/(kg·h) and 2.1~2.4 kPa with different temperature solution until the aorta and pulmonary arteries were uncrossclamped. Pathological changes were observed and the levels of PO2/FiO2, pulmonary surfactant (PS), NO, malonyldialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), wet/dry (W/D) and Evans blue (EB) were measured. RESULTS: In the 10℃ and 15℃ perfusion groups, the levels of PO2/FiO2, PS and NO were significantly higher than those of CPB group and other temperature perfusion groups, while the W/D and EB levels of the former groups were lower than those of the latter groups. Among the perfusion groups, there was no difference in the contents of MDA and the activity of MPO, which were higher than those of the CPB group. The histological and ultrastructure changes in the 10℃ and 15℃ groups were less significant than those of the CPB and other temperature perfusion groups. CONCLUSION: Continuous perfusion through pulmonary artery with hypothermia protective solution during CPB can significantly attenuate immature lung injury and the optimal temperature is 10～15℃.
【Keywords】 temperature; perfusion; cardiopulmonary bypass; lung/injury
【摘要】 目的： 探讨温度对肺保护液在CPB期间进行肺动脉灌注改善未成熟犬肺损伤的影响. 方法： 月龄幼犬56只，随机分为对照及不同温度保护液灌注等7组. 灌注组在阻闭主、肺动脉的同时，肺动脉远端持续灌注不同温度LPD肺保护液，直至主、肺动脉开放. 测定肺静脉血氧饱和度、肺泡表面活性剂、NO、MDA、MPO、肺组织含水量及肺血管通透性，观察组织学及超微结构改变. 结果： 10℃和15℃灌注组PO2/FiO2、PS、NO明显升高，W/D、EB强度值明显下降，而MDA、MPO在各温度灌注组改变不明显且4℃灌注组还略高，但上述指标各温度灌注组均较对照组有改善. 组织学及超微结构亦是10℃、15℃灌注组损伤最轻. 结论： CPB过程中应用低温保护液肺动脉灌注可减轻未成熟犬肺损伤，10℃和15℃灌注组保护效果最佳.
【关键词】 温度；灌流；心肺转流术；肺/损伤
【中图号】 R541.2【文献标识码】 A
Captek基底对烤瓷修复体颜色影响的实验研究
刘玉红1，邹承蓉2，丁弘仁1，施长溪1，何惠明1
(1第四军医大学秦都口腔医学院修复科,陕西 西安 710033， 2兰州军区机关第二门诊部口腔科，甘肃 兰州 730000)
Influence of Captek substructure on color of PFM crowns
LIU YuHong1, ZOU ChengRong2, DING HongRen1, SHI ChangXi1, HE HuiMing1
1Department of Prosthetics, College of Qindu Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian 710033, China, 2Department of Stomatology, Official No. 2 Clinic, Lanzhou Military Command, Lanzhou 730000, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To investigate the influence of captek substructure on the color of porcelainfusedtometal restoration. METHODS: Two kinds of porcelain were fired on the substructure of crowns made of three kinds of dental alloys i.e. captek, high gold dental alloy and NiCr alloy. The colors of samples were measured following fire with CIE1976 L*a*b* color system and porcelain discs with no substructure as control. RESULTS: Colors differences compared by Ivoclar Porcelain powder and Ceramco Porcelain powder between the three groups using three kinds of dental alloys and the control group was (0.78±0.26), (0.69±0.25), (1.30±0.31), and (1.43±0.78), (1.29±0.78), (4.18±1.37), respectively. Both ΔE Captek/NiCr and ΔE NiCr/Pentron Bio86 were higher than 1.5nbs. CONCLUSION: Restoration made of Captek substructure will not affect the color of PEF crowns, and it can optimally restore the selected color.
【Keywords】 PFM crown; color; dental alloy
【摘要】 目的： 研究Captek基底对烤瓷修复体颜色的影响. 方法： 采用CIE1976L*a*b*比色系统比较了Captek、贵金属合金、镍铬合金3种基底合金对烤瓷修复体颜色的影响，采用两种瓷粉(Ivoclar瓷粉, Ceramco瓷粉)制作的无基底的全层瓷片做对照组. 结果： 使用Ivoclar瓷粉3个实验组与对照组色差值分别为： (0.78±0.26)，(0.69±0.25)，(1.30±0.31)；使用Ceramco瓷粉3个实验组与对照组色差值分别为： (1.43±0.78)，(1.29±0.78)，(4.18±1.37). ΔECaptek/NiCr，ΔENiCr/Pentron Bio86均大于1.5NBS. 结论： Captek基底对烤瓷修复体颜色无影响,可以较理想地复现选定的颜色.
【关键词】 烤瓷修复体； 颜色； 牙科合金
【中图号】 R783.1; R783.3【文献标识码】 A
重组水蛭素通过降低白细胞浸润减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤
冷立娟1，杨欣国1，李波1，冷钦2，李文联3，张红爱3(1第四军医大学唐都医院心血管内科， 3第四军医大学唐都医院小儿科，陕西 西安 710038， 2青岛市胶州中心医院小儿科，山东 胶州 266300)
Recombinant hirudin reduces myocardial ischemiareperfusion injury by inhibiting leukocyte infiltration
LENG LiJuan1， YANG XinGuo1， LI Bo1， LENG Qin2， LI WenLian3， ZHANG HongAi3
1Department of Cardiovasology， 3Department of Pediatrics， Tangdu Hospital， Fourth Military Medical University， Xian 710038, China, 2Department of Pediatrics， Jiaozhou Central Hospital， Jiaozhou 266300, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To investigate the effects of recombinant hirudin (rhirudin) on the accumulation of neutrophils in ischemic cardiac tissues and its cardioprotection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rabbits. METHODS: A total of 24 rabbits were randomly divided into ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group (n= 12) and rhirudin (rH) group (n=12). In the I/R group, the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for 45 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. In the rH group, the rabbits underwent the same operation as that in the I/R group and the rH treatment began with the intravenous administration of 1 mgkg bolus 15 min before reperfusion and continued with an intravenous infusion of 1 mg/(kg·h) for 120 min during reperfusion. The levels of plasma creatine phosphokinase (CK) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were determined. Changes were observed of the neutrophil accumulation in the ischemic cardiac tissues and the myocardial area at risk and the infarct size at the end of reperfusion. RESULTS: The infiltration of neutrophils in the ischemic cardiac tissues, the infarct size, and the plasma concentrations of CK and LDH increased significantly in I/R group. The administration of rH not only significantly reduced the accumulation of neutrophils, but also significantly reduced the infarct size, alleviating the myocardial reperfusion injury (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Rhirudin has the cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury by inhibiting neutrophil infiltration in ischemic cardiac tissues.
【Keywords】 hirudin； myocardial reperfusion injury； neutrophils
【摘要】 目的： 探讨重组水蛭素(rhirudin)对兔心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及其对缺血心肌中白细胞浸润的影响. 方法： 24只日本大耳白兔随机分为2组，每组12只.缺血再灌注(I/R)组： 心脏左冠状动脉前降支缺血45 min、再灌注120 min；重组水蛭素(rH)组： 缺血45 min、再灌注120 min，再灌注前15 min静注重组水蛭素(1 mg/kg)，再灌注时继以持续静滴重组水蛭素[1 mg/(kg·h)]120 min.测定血浆肌酸磷酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性，并观察缺血心肌内白细胞聚集、心肌缺血及梗死范围的变化. 结果： I/R组缺血心肌内白细胞聚集，血浆CK、LDH活性明显增高，心肌梗死面积明显增大；给予重组水蛭素，可显著降低缺血心肌内白细胞聚集，降低梗死面积，减轻心肌再灌注损伤(P<0.05). 结论： 重组水蛭素能够抑制再灌注期缺血心肌内白细胞浸润，拮抗心肌缺血/再灌注损伤.
【关键词】 水蛭素；心肌再灌注损伤；中性白细胞
【中图号】 R542.2【文献标识码】 A
霉酚酸酯对难治性ITP患者疗效及免疫功能影响
陈银霞1，秦岚2，张王刚1，刘捷1，马肖容1，何爱丽1，赵万红1 (1西安交通大学第二医院血液科，陕西 西安 710004， 2中国医学科学院、中国协和医科大学血液学研究所、血液病医院，天津 300020)
Therapeutic effects of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with refractory ITP and its effect on the patients immune function
CHEN YinXia1, QIN Lan2, ZHANG WangGang1, LIU Jie1, MA XiaoRong1, HE AiLi1, ZHAO WanHong1
1Department of Hematology, Second Hospital, Xian Jiaotong University, Xian 710004, China, 2Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital ,CAMS and PUMC, Tianjin 300020, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To observe the therapeutic effects of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a new kind of immunosuppressant, in treating patients with refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and its effects on patients immune function. METHODS: Platelet associated IgG (PAIgG) was detected by ELISA, and IgG and IgA, IgM were assayed by immunization scattering contrast emulation. Tcell subsets were estimated by flow cytometry an the function of liver and kidney was also observed. RESULTS: MMF was effective in 80% of the patients, including significant modification in 45% and moderate modification in 20%. Phenotypic analysis of T cell subsets showed a significant increase of the CD4+ and decrease of CD8+ and an increase of CD4+/CD8+ ratio following therapy (P<0.01), but little increase in the percentage of CD3+ cells was observed (P<0.05). An obvious decrease of the plasma level of IgG, IgA and PAIgG (P<0.01) and a little decrease of IgM (P<0.05) were observed. No remarkable injury was discovered in the functions of liver and kidney after treatment with MMF. CONCLUSION: MMF can inhibit T and B lymphocytes selectively and is a new type of immunosuppresant used in treating refractory ITP, which has less toxicity and fewer sideeffects.
【Keywords】 mycophenolate mofetil; purpura thrombocytopenic, idiopathic; treatment outeome; immune function
【摘要】 目的： 观察新型免疫抑制剂霉酚酸酯(mycophenolate mofetil， MMF)对难治性特发性血小板减少性紫癜(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, ITP)的疗效及免疫功能的影响. 方法： 应用酶联免疫吸附法、散射比浊法和流式细胞术观察MMF治疗前后难治性ITP患者血清血小板抗体、免疫球蛋白(IgG,IgA,IgM)、淋巴细胞亚群的变化及MMF治疗对肝脏、肾脏功能的影响. 结果： 难治性ITP患者经MMF治疗后有效率为80%，其中显效45%，良效20%；与治疗前相比，血小板相关抗体PAIgG明显下降(P<0.01)；血清免疫球蛋白IgG, IgA明显降低(P<0.01), IgM有所降低(P<0.05)；CD3略有升高(P<0.05)，CD4明显增高(P<0.01)，CD8明显降低(P<0.01)，CD4/CD8明显升高(P<0.01). MMF对肝脏、肾脏功能无明显损害. 结论： MMF能选择性抑制T、B淋巴细胞功能，毒副作用较少，是一种治疗难治性ITP的新型免疫抑制剂.
【关键词】 霉酚酸酯；紫癜，血小板减少性，特发性；治疗效果；免疫功能
【中图号】 R554.6【文献标识码】 A
组织微阵列技术分析妊高征胎盘组织中缺氧诱导因子1α蛋白的表达
孙飞1，李东红1，尹国武1，姜锋1，王淑芳2
(第四军医大学： 1唐都医院妇产科， 2唐都医院病理科，陕西 西安 710038)
Detection of HIF1α expression in placenta from pregnancy induced hypertension using tissue microarray
SUN Fei1, LI DongHong1, YIN GuoWu1, JIANG Feng1, WANG ShuFang2
1Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian 710038, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To detect the expression of hypoxia inducible factor1α(HIF1α) in placentas from pregnancy induced hypertension(PIH)and its role in the etiology and pathophysiology of PIH. METHODS: Placenta specimens of PIH pregnancies and normal pregnancies were detected for HIF1α expression by tissue microarray combined with immunohitochemistry. RESULTS: Compared with those of the normal pregnancies, the levels of HIF1α in placentas of PIH pregnancies were significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: HIF1αmay be involved in the etiology and pathophysiology of PIH at the protein level.
【Keywords】 pregnancy complications, cardiovascular; hypertension; hypoxia inducible factor1α; tissue microarray
【摘要】 目的： 探讨缺氧诱导因子-1α(Hypoxiainducible factor1α, HIF1α)在妊娠高血压综合征(妊高征)患者胎盘组织中蛋白的表达情况. 方法： 应用组织芯片技术，通过免疫组织化学方法分别检测妊高征患者和健康孕妇胎盘组织中HIF1α蛋白的表达. 结果： 与正常胎盘组织相比，妊高征胎盘组织中HIF1α的蛋白表达明显增高(P<0.05). 结论： HIF1α可能在蛋白水平上参与了妊高征发病及病理生理过程.
【关键词】 妊娠并发症，心血管；高血压；缺氧诱导因子1α；组织芯片
【中图号】 R714.246【文献标识码】 A
人类精液中一氧化氮和转铁蛋白含量的关系
杨麦贵1，郝晓柯1，杨阳3，同丽萍2，郑善銮1，张建芳1，樊爱玲1
(第四军医大学： 1西京医院检验科， 2药剂科, 3学员旅，陕西 西安 710033)
Relation of nitric oxide with transferrin content in human semen
YANG MaiGui1, HAO XiaoKe1, YANG Yang3, TONG LiPing2, ZHENG ShanLuan1, ZHANG JianFang1, FAN AiLing1
1Department of Clinical Laboratories, 2Department of Pharmacy Xijing Hospital, 3Student Force, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian 710033, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To discuss the relation of nitric oxide (NO) with the transferrin (Tf) content and the quality of the sperm cells. METHODS: The semen was analyzed according to WHOs standard. Supportor cells were purified from rat testis by collagenase digestion and hyaluronidase and cultured in Hams F-12 medium. SNP, the donor of NO, was added in test group. The contents of NO-3 and Tf in 48-hour culture supernatant were measured using copper-coated cadmium reduction method and immunonephelometry, respectively. RESULTS: The Tf content, sperm density and the activity rate of sperm cells decreased with the increase of NO level (P<0.01) and the Tf content in supernatant of cultured supportor cells in test group [(12.6±7.5) μmol/L ] was remarkably lower than that in control group [(21.6±8.8) μmol/L, (P<0.01)]. CONCLUSION: The Tf content in semen is indicative of the quality of sperms and the function of supportor cells. NO inhibits the activity of sperms and the Tf secretion of supportor cells. This finding is very valuable in studying the mechanism of sterility.
【Keywords】 semen; transferrin; nitric oxide; sertoli cells; sodium nitroprusside
【摘要】 目的： 探讨一氧化氮(NO)与人精液转铁蛋白(Tf)含量及精子质量的关系. 方法： 参照WHO标准，进行精液常规分析. 无菌取大鼠睾丸，经胶原酶和透明质酸酶消化，分离出纯度较高的支持细胞，用Hams F12培养液培养. 实验组加入NO供体硝普钠(SNP)，同对照组一起培养48 h取上清液，采用镀铜镉还原荧光法检测NO代谢产物硝酸盐(NO-3). 用免疫散射比浊法检测Tf含量. 结果： 130例不育者精液Tf含量、精子密度和活动率随NO含量升高而降低，呈显著的负相关(P<0.01)，大鼠睾丸支持细胞悬液Tf含量正常生育组[(22±9)μmol/L]显著高于不育组[(13±8)μmol/L, P<0.01]. 结论： 精液Tf含量测定有助于评价精子质量，可作为反映支持细胞功能的特异指标，NO对精子运动能力及支持细胞产生和分泌Tf有抑制作用，这对研究不育症的机制有重要价值.
【关键词】 精液；转铁蛋白；一氧化氮；塞尔托利氏细胞；硝普钠
【中图号】 R321.1【文献标识码】 A
单克隆抗体间接免疫荧光试验检测生殖器单纯疱疹病毒感染
刘军连1，徐志凯2，喻启桂2，王红英3，郑燕华1，吕世超1，张建中1
(1解放军第306医院皮肤科，北京100101，第四军医大学：2基础部微生物学教研室，3西京医院妇产科，陕西 西安 710033)
Indirect immunofluorescence assay with monoclonal antibodies in detecting genital herpes simplex virus infection
LIU JunLian1, XU ZhiKai2, YU QiGui2, WANG HongYing3, ZHENG YanHua1, Lü ShiChao1, ZHANG JianZhong1
1Department of Dermatology, PLA 306th Hospital, Beijing 100101, China, 2Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medicine, 3Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710033, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To evaluate the application of indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) in the diagnosis of genital herpes. METHODS: Both viral culture and IFA mediated by groupshared herpes simplex virus (HSV) glucoprotein monoclonal antibodies were adopted in detecting 120 patients with clinically diagnosed genital herpes. RESULTS: The HSV positivity rate detected by IFA was significantly higher than that by viral culture (85.8% vs 70.8%，P<0.01). Different from those in detecting HSV from erosion and crust eruption, the positivity rates in detecting HSV from blister by the two methods were of no statistical significance (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: IFA is a cheap, rapid and sensitive method for HSV detection and can be used in the diagnosis of genital herpes.
【Keywords】 simplex virus; herpes genitalis; antibody; monoclonal; immunofluorescence assay antibody technique, indirect; detection
【摘要】 目的：评价间接免疫荧光试验 (IFA)在生殖器疱疹(GH)诊断中的应用价值. 方法：采用以单纯疱疹病毒(HSV)型共同性单克隆抗体为夹心的IFA方法，检测了120例临床诊断为GH患者皮疹中的HSV，并与病毒培养法进行比较. 结果：IFA检测HSV的总阳性率为85.8%，高于病毒培养法的阳性率(70.8%，χ2=12.04，P<0.01). 两种方法检测GH患者皮肤水疱内的HSV阳性率分别为93.3%和90.0%，无明显差异(χ2=1.96，P>0.05)；而检测糜烂和结痂性皮疹内的HSV时，IFA 的阳性率分别为92.6%和69.4%，均分别高于病毒培养法(75.9%，χ2=5.82，P<0.05；47.2%，χ2=14.17，P<0.01). 结论： IFA 法具有简单、快速、敏感性高的优点，适用于检测GH患者皮疹内HSV，有临床实用价值.
【关键词】 单纯病毒属；生殖器疱疹；抗体，单克隆；荧光抗体技术；间接检测
【中图号】 R697.16【文献标识码】 A
Landsat ETM+遥感图像监测江宁县江滩钉螺分布
张治英1，周文利2，张波1，周云3，周晓农4，刘士军5，龚自立5，徐德忠1(1第四军医大学预防医学系流行病学教研室，陕西 西安 710033， 2西安市碑林区卫生防疫站，陕西 西安 710001， 3江苏省江宁县疾病预防控制中心，江苏 江宁 211100， 4中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病防治研究所，上海 200025， 5南京军区联勤部防疫队 江苏 南京 210014)
Application of remote sensing data from Landsat ETM+ in predicting the schistosomiasistransmittedsnails distribution in marshlands of Jiangning County
ZHANG ZhiYing1, ZHOU WenLi2, ZHANG Bo1, ZHOU Yun3, ZHOU XiaoNong4, LIU ShiJun5, GONG ZiLi5, XU DeZhong1
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian 710033, China, 2Center of Disease Control & Prevention of Beilin District, Xian 710001, China, 3Center of Disease Control & Prevention of Jiangning County, Jiangning 211100, China, 4Institute of Parasitic Disease, Center of Disease Control & Prevention of China, Shanghai 200025, 5Antiepidemic team, Nanjing Military Command, Nanjing 210014, China
【Abstract】 AIM: To explore the application of satellite data to the prediction of the schistosomiasistransmittedsnails distribution in marshlands. METHODS: Surrogate indices of environment in marshlands were derived from the Landsat ETM+ images and their relationships with the density of live snails in habitats were analyzed using the stepwise regression and the ordinary kriging. RESULTS: The analysis of the surrogate indices of environment from the Landsat ETM+ images showed that the indices in snail habitats of marshlands in Jiangning County varied in a narrow range. The stepwise regression and the ordinary Kriging analysis demonstrated that the density of live snails in habitats of marshlands was related to the indices from remote sensing, such as the modified soiladjusted vegetation index (χ1), land surface wetness (χ2) and temperature (χ3). The equation was presented as Y=2.481+3.219χ1-9.143χ2-0.26χ3 + residual, where Y was the square root of the density of livesnails in habitats, and the residual was the prediction of the regression residual using the ordinary kriging. The determinant coefficient of the equation was about 0.852. CONCLUSION: It is feasible to predict the distribution of snails in marshlands using the surrogate indices of environment from remote sensing.
【Keywords】 snails; remote sensing; kriging
【摘要】 目的： 探讨遥感资料在江滩钉螺监测中的应用. 方法： 从遥感资料中提取江滩钉螺孳生地的环境因素遥感替代指标，并用逐步多元回归分析及普通克立格研究其与活螺分布的关系. 结果： 分析显示从Landsat ETM+ 图像中提取的江宁县江滩钉螺孳生地环境因素的遥感替代指标均处在一个比较小的范围中；多元逐步回归结合普通克立格空间分析发现江宁县江滩钉螺孳生地活螺密度与孳生地的修正土壤调整植被指数(χ1)、地表湿度(χ2)及温度(χ3)有关，且存在： Y=2.481+3.219χ1-9.143χ2-0.26χ3+残差预测，其中Y为活螺密度的平方根; 该模型的决定系数为0.852. 结论： 通过遥感资料提取钉螺孳生地的环境因素指标可用于预测江滩钉螺的分布.
【关键词】 钉螺；遥感；克立格
【中图号】R181.13【文献标识码】A
乙型肝炎病毒宫内感染的随访研究
刘一萍1，门可1，徐德忠1，王安辉1，徐剑秋2，闫永平1
(1第四军医大学预防医学系流行病学教研室，陕西 西安 710033， 2陕西省妇幼保健医院产科，陕西 西安 710003)
A followup study of hepatitis B virus intrauterine infection
LIU YiPing1, MEN Ke1, XU DeZhong1， WANG AnHui1， XU JianQiu2, YAN YongPing1
1Department of Epidemiology, School of Preventive Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian 710033, China, 2Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Children Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Xian 710003, China
【Abstract】 AIM： To observe the longterm development of infants with Hepatitis B virus intrauterine infection. METHODS: HBV markers (including HBsAg, antiHBs, HBeAg, antiHBe, antiHBc) in all followedup subjects were detected by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the serum alanine transaminase levels were assayed by autoanalyzer. RESULTS: Fiftynine pairs of mothers and children were followed up. Among the 59 children, 5 were sera positive for HBsAg at birth, out of whom, 3 were persistently sera positive for HBsAg, and they were all born from mothers whose sera were positive for HBsAg and HBeAg, the rest 2 became sera negative for HBsAg and positive for antiHBs. Obvious differences were found in the mothers sera HBV markers before and after delivery. CONCLUSION: Serum positivity for HBeAg in mothers blood samples is the most important risk factor of HBV intrauterine infection, and serum positivity for both HBsAg and HBeAg are the risk factor of the childrens chronic HBV infection. Intrauterine infection may be responsible for the nonresponse to the vaccine in infants. HBsAgpositive pregnant women may increase the risk of intrauterine infection.
【Keywords】 hepatitis B virus; Intrauterine infection; hepatitis Be antigens; immune tolerance
【摘要】 目的： 了解发生乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)宫内感染的婴儿的转归情况. 方法: 对402名HBsAg阳性母亲的婴儿的宫内感染等情况进行远期随访. 所有随访到的母亲和孩子的血清检测肝功能和HBV标志物. 结果： 随访到59对母亲和孩子. 59例HBsAg阳性孕妇所生婴儿中，出生时5例HBsAg阳性，其中3例HBsAg持续阳性，且这3例HBsAg持续阳性的儿童全部为HBsAg、HBeAg阳性母亲所生；2例HBsAg阴转并产生抗HBs；母亲HBV标志物血清学在分娩前后变化明显.结论： 母亲HBeAg阳性是婴儿发生HBV宫内传播的主要危险因素，尤其是孕妇既往HBsAg携带分娩时HBeAg阳性是婴儿发生HBV宫内传播后形成乙肝病毒携带的危险因素；婴儿的免疫无应答应判定为宫内感染；HBsAg阳性母亲妊娠过程中乙肝加重，同时也增大了宫内感染的危险.
【关键词】 肝炎病毒，乙型；宫内感染；肝炎e抗原，乙型；免疫耐受
【中图号】 R512.62【文献标识码】 A, http://www.100md.com(宿学家 ，张慧颖 ，易定华 ，张志勇 ，朱斌)