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    18.

    石斛属植物化学成分研究进展

    张光浓, 毕志明, 王峥涛3

    , 徐珞珊, 徐国钧X

    (中国药科大学 生药学研究室, 江苏 南京 210038)

    摘 要: 石斛为珍贵中药材, 应用历史悠久。现代药理研究表明石斛具有抗肿瘤、抗衰老及扩张血管等作用, 其活性

    成分引起国内外的关注。该属植物的化学成分主要有生物碱、菲类、联苄类、 芴酮、香豆素、倍半萜、多糖及挥发油。

    重点对近 15 年来该属植物的主要活性成分进行了较系统的综述, 为从石斛属植物中开发利用有药用价值的天然

    产物提供参考。

    关键词: 石斛属; 生物碱; 菲类; 联苄类

    中图分类号: R284. 1 文献标识码:A 文章编号: 0253 2670 (2003) 06 附 5 04

    Advances in studies on chem ica l con st ituten ts from plan ts of D end robium Sw .

    ZHAN G Guang2 nong, B I Zh i2 m ing, WAN G Zheng2tao, XU L uo2shan, XU Guo2jun

    (Depar tment of Pharmacogno sy, Ch ina Pharmaceut icalU niversity, N anjing 210038, Ch ina)

    Key words: D end robium Sw. ; alkalo ids; phenan th renes; b ibenzyls

    石斛属(D end robium Sw. )是兰科植物中一个较大的

    属, 全世界约 1 100 种, 广泛分布于亚洲、欧洲和大洋洲等

    地。我国有 74 种 2 变种, 分布于秦岭以南诸地区, 尤其以云

    南南部为多。在我国传统医学中, 石斛为常用贵重药材, 药用

    历史悠久, 具有滋阴清热、生津益胃、润肺止咳等功能, 用于

    热病伤津、口干烦渴、病后虚热等多种病症。现代药理学研究

    表明, 石斛具有抗肿瘤、抗衰老、增强人体免疫力和扩张血管

    等作用[1 ]。《中华人民共和国药典》 2000 年版收载石斛为美

    花石斛(环草石斛, 为药典收载名, 下同)D end robium lod d i2

    g esii Ro lfe、流苏石斛(马鞭石斛)D. f im briatum Hook . (D.

    f im briatum var . ocu latum Hook . )、束花石斛(黄草石斛)D.

    ch ry santhum W all . ex L indl . 、铁 皮 石 斛 D. of f icinale

    Kimura etM igo (D. cand id um W all . ex L indl . )和石斛(金

    钗石斛)D. nobile L indl . 的新鲜或干燥茎 ......