樟树人工林生态系统碳素贮量与分布研究3

    雷丕锋3 3

    项文化 田大伦 方 晰 (中南林学院生态教研室 ,株洲 412006)

    摘 要 对 18 年生樟树人工林生物量、碳素含量、贮量及其空间分布进行测定。结果表明 ,樟

    树各器官的碳素含量为 42112 %～55142 % ,排列顺序为树叶 >树枝 >树根 >树干 >树皮。林

    冠上层与下层叶的碳素含量比中层叶的碳素含量低 ,但差别不大;下层枝条碳素含量明显比

    上、中层枝条高。灌木层植物的碳素含量平均为 51130 % ,草本植物为 48190 % ,死地被物层为

    40189 %。土壤的碳素含量为 1125 % ,随土层深度的增加 ,各层次土壤碳素含量逐渐减少。樟

    树林生态系统总的碳贮量为 200144 ×103

    kg C· hm- 2

    ,其中乔木层为 45101 ×103

    kg C· hm- 2

    ,占

    整个生态系统总贮量的22145 % ,灌木层为2129 ×103

    kg C· hm- 2

    ,占1114 % ,草本层为1109 ×

    103

    kg· C· hm- 2

    ,占 0155 % ,死地被物层为 5108 ×103

    kg· C· hm- 2

    ,占 2154 % ,林地土壤(0～1

    m)的碳贮量为 146197 ×103

    kg· C· hm- 2

    ,占 73132 %。樟树各器官的碳素贮量与其生物量成正

    比例关系 ,树干的生物量最大 ,其碳贮量也最高 ,占乔木层碳贮量的 40106 %。樟树碳贮量的垂

    直分布随高度的增加而减少 ,在 8～10 m 区段出现明显增加的现象。樟树林年净生产力为

    9155×103

    kg· hm- 2

    · a

    - 1

    ,碳的年净固定量为 4198 ×103

    kg· C· hm- 2

    · a

    - 1。这些数据为进一步

    研究樟树林生态系统碳循环及其碳汇功能提供基础数据。

    关键词 樟树人工林 ,碳素含量 ,碳贮量 ,碳分配

    中图分类号 S71815 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1000 - 4890 (2004) 04 - 0025 -

    06

    Carbon storage and distribution in Cinnamomum camphor plantation. L EI Pifeng ,XIANG Wen2

    hua ,TIAN Dalun , FANG Xi ( Research Sect ion of Ecology , Cent ral South Forest ry Universi ty ,Zhuz hou 412006 , , China) . Chinese Journal of Ecology ,2004 ,23 (4) :25～30.

    The biomass ,carbon content , storage and dist ribution in Cinnamomum camphora plantation were

    studeied. The results showed that carbon content in different organs of C. camphora t rees ranged

    f rom 42. 12 % to 55. 42 % ,and decreased in the order of leaf > branch > root > bole > bark. In

    the canopy ,the carbon content varied with layers. Carbon content in the leaves of u pper and lower

    layer was lower than that in the leaves of the middle ,and carbon content in the branch of the lowe 2

    layer was higher than that of the middle and the u pper. The carbon content in shrub ,herb and lit ter

    floor were 51. 30 % ,48. 90 % and 40. 89 % ,res pectively. Carbon content in the soil was 1. 25 % and

    declined with soil depth. The total carbon storage in C. camphora plantation ecosystem amounted to

    200144 ×103

    kg· C· hm- 2

    ,of which overstorey of camphor t rees stored 45101 ×103

    kg· C· hm- 2

    and

    accounted for 22145 % ,and soil within the depth f rom 0 to 1 m stored 146197 ×103

    kg· C· hm- 2

    and

    accounted for 73. 32 %. The carbon storage in different organs was positively related to the biomass of

    corresponding organs. Stem accumulated the highest carbon storage and comprised 40. 06 % of carbon

    storage in overstorey t rees. Carbon storage decreased with the increase of height . However ,carbon

    storage of C. camphora t rees increased at the height f rom 8 to 10m. The annual net productivity of

    camphor t rees was 9155 t· hm- 2

    · yr

    - 1

    and annual carbon storage was up to 4189 ×103

    kg· C· hm- 2

    ·

    yr

    - 1

    .

    Key words Cinnamomum camphora plantation ,Carbon content ,Carbon storage ,Carbon dist ribu2

    tion.

    3国家林业局重点科研项目(2001 - 07) 、湖南省自然科学基金项目

    (00JJ Y2024)和中南林学院青年基金项目(0420) 。

    3 3通讯作者

    收稿日期:2003 - 08 - 11 改回日期:2003 - 12 - 02

    1 引 言

    碳是一切有机物的基本成分,也是构成生物体

    的主要元素 ,约占生物体干重的一半左右 ,碳循环及

    其空间分布与生态系统的维持、发展和稳定性机制

    有着密切的联系[16 ]。但自从工业革命以来 ,人类大

    量燃烧化石燃料和改变土地的利用方式等原因 ,导

    致大气中的 CO2 浓度不断升高。据报道 ,在过去

    生态学杂志 Chinese Journal of Ecology 2004 ,23 (4) :25～30

    ? 1995-2005 Tsinghua Tongfang Optical Disc Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.100多年的时间里 ,大气层中的 CO2 浓度就增加了

    25 %[19 ]

    ,即从 280 mg· kg - 1

    上升至 353 mg· kg - 1 ......