[摘要] 目的 为在甲状腺手术中避免误伤喉返神经提供解剖学基础。方法 对50具(男30具，女20具)成人尸体解剖喉返神经和甲状腺下动脉之间的关系进行解剖观测。结果 喉返神经平均横径为(1.93±0.35)mm。喉返神经入喉支以2~5干型为多见，占70.00%。甲状腺下动脉的直径为(2.61±0.23)mm。喉返神经和甲状腺下动脉之间的关系，左右均有明显差异。结论 喉返神经横经平均在(1.93±0.35)mm之间；喉返神经在甲状腺峡平面分支的最为常见；神经位于动脉主干之后的为多见占54.00%，；神经位于动脉前及动脉分支之间的例数相近，左侧神经位于动脉之后的多见，而右侧神经位于动脉之前的多见，左右有明显差异，为临床颈部外科手术时参考。

    [关键词] 喉返神经；甲状腺下动脉；

    Applied anatomy of recurrent laryngeal nerves in the cervical part

    GUO xing, WANG Qi-ben

    (Shaoyang Medical School, Shaoyang 422000, Hunan Province, China)

    Abstract: Objective To provide the anatomical basis to avoid injuring the recurrent laryngeal nerves during thyroid operation Methods The relationship of the inferior thyroid artery with the recurrent laryngeal nerve of 50 cases of adult cadavers (male 30, female 20) was observed and compared. Results The average transverse diameter of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was (1.93±0.35) mm. The recurrent laryngeal nerves entering into the larynx in 2 -5 branch patterns were more common (70.00%). The diameter of the inferior thyroid artery was (2.61±0.23) mm. The relationship between the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior thyroid artery showed obvious differences on the left and the right sides. Conclusion The average transverse diameter of the recurrent laryngeal nerves is (1.93±0.35) mm. It is most common that the recurrent laryngeal nerve ramifies on the plane of thyroid isthmus. About 54% nerves are located behind the main branch artery. The number of the artery branches and the arteries before the nerve is about the same. The left nerves behind the artery and the right nerves before the artery are more common. There are significant differences in the left and right nerves. The results can be used as the reference in clinical surgery in the cervical part. ......