Completing the Public Health HIV/AIDS Alphabet
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《科学公立图书馆医学》
1 Global Strategies for HIV PreventionSan Rafael, California, United States of America
Dr. Gerberding outlines critical steps for arresting the HIV/AIDS epidemic [1]. She suggests moving ahead with “ABCs” and with “D” for diagnosis and “R” for responsibility. These are good suggestions—with increased HIV testing and individuals taking responsibility for their role in HIV spread, the epidemic might be slowed. We could continue to add incrementally to the alphabet soup of public health. But instead, we could choose to immediately implement the mainstays of public health—universal testing and contact tracing [2,3,4]. Every sexually active individual and every individual at risk for HIV deserves to know their HIV status. Thus, every HIV-infected individual must be called upon to be accountable for preventing HIV transmission. Contact tracing should be instituted for HIV just as it is for other infectious diseases. Those who have been exposed to HIV have a right to know how to protect themselves and if they too are infected, to be offered treatment [5]. HIV testing has too often focused on testing of women in a perinatal setting rather than universal testing in routine clinical care. Without universal voluntary HIV testing and contact tracing, we will see the continued tilt of the epidemic toward women, now at 55% of all HIV infections and in all likelihood at 75%–80% in another 8 to 10 years [6,7]. For too long the debate has been that contact tracing will result in physical abuse of women. Confining our definition of abuse of women to physical abuse alone is to have too narrow an ethical focus—HIV infection itself is an abuse of women or of anyone else. Universal HIV testing and contact tracing adds an essential comprehensive public health approach to the epidemic that will be successful in reducing the ever-escalating numbers of new infections.
References
Gerberding J (2004) Steps on the critical path: Arresting HIV/AIDS in developing countries. PLoS Med 1:e10.
De Cock KM, Mbori-Ngacha D, Marum E (2002) Shadow on the continent: Public health and HIV/AIDS in Africa in the 21st century. Lancet 360:67–72.
Janssen RS, Holtgrave DR, Valdiserri RO, Shepherd M, Gayle HD, et al. (2001) The serostatus approach to fighting the HIV epidemic: Prevention strategies for HIV-infected individuals. Am J Public Health 91:1019–1024.
Ammann AJ (1995) Unrestricted routine prenatal HIV testing: The standard of care. J Am Med Womens Assoc 50:83–84.
(2001 Aug 18) The politics of human rights. Righting wrongs. The Economist 9:18–20
Global HIV Prevention Working Group. (2004 June) HIV prevention in the era of expanded treatment access. Seattle: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Joesoef MR, Cheluget B, Marum LH, Wandera C, Ryan CA, et al. (2003) Differential of HIV prevalence in women and men who attended sexually transmitted disease clinics at HIV sentinel surveillance sites in Kenya, 1990–2001. Int J STD AIDS 14:193–196.(Arthur Ammann)
Dr. Gerberding outlines critical steps for arresting the HIV/AIDS epidemic [1]. She suggests moving ahead with “ABCs” and with “D” for diagnosis and “R” for responsibility. These are good suggestions—with increased HIV testing and individuals taking responsibility for their role in HIV spread, the epidemic might be slowed. We could continue to add incrementally to the alphabet soup of public health. But instead, we could choose to immediately implement the mainstays of public health—universal testing and contact tracing [2,3,4]. Every sexually active individual and every individual at risk for HIV deserves to know their HIV status. Thus, every HIV-infected individual must be called upon to be accountable for preventing HIV transmission. Contact tracing should be instituted for HIV just as it is for other infectious diseases. Those who have been exposed to HIV have a right to know how to protect themselves and if they too are infected, to be offered treatment [5]. HIV testing has too often focused on testing of women in a perinatal setting rather than universal testing in routine clinical care. Without universal voluntary HIV testing and contact tracing, we will see the continued tilt of the epidemic toward women, now at 55% of all HIV infections and in all likelihood at 75%–80% in another 8 to 10 years [6,7]. For too long the debate has been that contact tracing will result in physical abuse of women. Confining our definition of abuse of women to physical abuse alone is to have too narrow an ethical focus—HIV infection itself is an abuse of women or of anyone else. Universal HIV testing and contact tracing adds an essential comprehensive public health approach to the epidemic that will be successful in reducing the ever-escalating numbers of new infections.
References
Gerberding J (2004) Steps on the critical path: Arresting HIV/AIDS in developing countries. PLoS Med 1:e10.
De Cock KM, Mbori-Ngacha D, Marum E (2002) Shadow on the continent: Public health and HIV/AIDS in Africa in the 21st century. Lancet 360:67–72.
Janssen RS, Holtgrave DR, Valdiserri RO, Shepherd M, Gayle HD, et al. (2001) The serostatus approach to fighting the HIV epidemic: Prevention strategies for HIV-infected individuals. Am J Public Health 91:1019–1024.
Ammann AJ (1995) Unrestricted routine prenatal HIV testing: The standard of care. J Am Med Womens Assoc 50:83–84.
(2001 Aug 18) The politics of human rights. Righting wrongs. The Economist 9:18–20
Global HIV Prevention Working Group. (2004 June) HIV prevention in the era of expanded treatment access. Seattle: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
Joesoef MR, Cheluget B, Marum LH, Wandera C, Ryan CA, et al. (2003) Differential of HIV prevalence in women and men who attended sexually transmitted disease clinics at HIV sentinel surveillance sites in Kenya, 1990–2001. Int J STD AIDS 14:193–196.(Arthur Ammann)