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辐射对伤口液调节成纤维细胞特性的影响和苯妥英钠的应用
http://www.100md.com 《中国修复重建外科杂志》 1999年第1期
     作者:宋述强 程天民 林远

    单位:宋述强 广州军区广州总医院临床药理科(广州,510010);程天民 林 远 第三军医大学防原医学教研室 复合伤研究所4

    关键词:辐射;伤口液;成纤维细胞;苯妥英钠

    中国修复重建外科杂志/990114 【摘 要】 目的 研究全身辐射后伤口液对成纤维细胞(FBS)特性的调节作用的变化及苯妥英钠的作用。方法 采用大鼠背部置入聚乙烯醇海绵的切口伤模型,收集伤口液和FBS,并测定FBS的增殖和胶原合成特性。结果 在伤后5~8天,伤口液刺激FBS增殖和胶原合成的作用最强,6 Gy全身辐射后,伤口液刺激FBS增殖和胶原合成的作用都明显降低,而苯妥英钠对非辐射组和辐射组伤口液刺激FBS增殖和胶原合成的作用都有明显的提高。结论 全身辐射后,伤口局部环境的改变不利于组织细胞的修复;苯妥英钠能加强伤口液刺激FBS增殖和胶原合成的作用,有利于创伤愈合。
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    INFLUENCE OF MODULATORY ACTIVITY OF WOUND FLUID ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FIBROBLASTS FROM IRRADIATION AND THE ACTION OF PHENYTOIN SODIUM

    Song Shuqiang*, Cheng Tianmin, Lin Yuan.

    * Department of Clinical Pharmacology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area. Guangzhou Guangdong, P.R. China 510010

    【Abstract】 Objective Influence of irradiation and phenytoin sodium on modulatory activities of wound fluid on proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen synthesis was studied. Methods The male Wistar rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into irradiated and non-irradiated groups, and in each of them it was subdivided into phenytoin group and control. A 7 cm long incisional wound was made on the back of each rat, in which a polyvinyl alcohol sponge (PVAS) with a size of 1.0 cm×0.4 cm was implanted into the wound and the wound was sutured up. The PVAS was prepared by rinsing in running water over night and then was boiled for 30 minutes. Before implantation, the sponge was immersed in phenytoin sodium solution (10 mg/1 ml) or normal saline (as control). From each wound the wound fluid and fibroblasts were collected. The methods of incorporation of 3 H were adopted to assess the proliferation of fibroblasts and synthesis of collagen. Results It was shown that proliferation of fibroblasts and collagen synthesis were stimulated by wound fluid remarkably on 5 to 8 days after wounding, and that 6 Gy to total-body irradiation wound decrease this effect. It was also noted that topical phenytoin sodium increased the modulatory activity of wound fluid irrespective of being iradiated or not. Conclusion It could be drawn that, after total-body irradiation, stimulation of hyperplasia of fibroblasts and collagen synthesis by wound fluid was markedly lowered indicating the total-body irradiation resulted in changes of local conditions of the wound which was unbenefitted to repair of tissue cells, while phenytoin sodium could enhance the stimulating action of wound fluid on proliferation of fibroblasts and synthesis of collagen which was beneficial to wound healing.
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    【Key words】 Irradiation Wound fluid Fibroblasts Phenytoin sodium

    伤口渗出液(即伤口液)是创伤后组织细胞修复的微环境,含有多种生长因子,对创伤愈合过程起着直接的调控作用[1]。在战时核爆炸与平时核事故中放射、烧伤的复合伤患者中,创伤愈合明显延迟,其创伤局部环境的变化还不很清楚。苯妥英钠能缩短创面愈合时间,促进肉芽组织生长,减少创面细菌污染,对多种病因如战伤、烧伤及麻风病等引起的皮肤溃疡都有显著的疗效[2,3],其作用机理还有待进一步研究。我们以伤口液刺激成纤维细胞(fibroblast, FBS)增殖和胶原合成的作用为实验观察内容,旨在研究辐射后伤口液对FBS特性调节作用的变化及苯妥英钠的作用。

    1 材料与方法

    1.1 动物及试剂
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    Wistar大鼠24只,雄性,体重(218.0±23.5) g,分成四组,每组6只(四川省中药研究所提供)。DMEM培养基(Gibco公司);3H-胸腺嘧啶核甙(3H-TdR)和3H-羟脯氨酸,由中国科学院原子能研究所提供;苯妥英钠为江苏省盐城制药厂产品。

    1.2 创伤模型

    大鼠分为单纯创伤组和全身辐射合并创伤组,每组又分为不加苯妥英钠组和加苯妥英钠组。全身辐射合并创伤组大鼠创伤前经60Co γ射线6 Gy的全身辐射[4]。每组大鼠腹腔注射戊巴比妥钠麻醉,在无菌条件下背部切开长约7 cm的全层皮肤切口,将10个直径1 cm,厚4 mm 的聚乙烯醇(polyviny alcohol, PVA)海绵置入切口皮下后缝合。PVA海绵置入前经流水漂洗过夜,煮沸30分钟消毒,置入时先浸入无菌的生理盐水(对照组)或苯妥英钠10 mg/ml(1 ml/10个海绵)中。
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    1.3 伤口液的收集

    在伤后3、5、8和13天,取出PVA海绵离心,取上清液,-70℃保存待测。每只动物能收集到伤口液为0.6~0.9 ml[4]

    1.4 伤口FBS的收集

    取单纯创伤组伤后8天的PVA海绵,浸入含0.25%胰酶的DMEM培养液中缓慢振摇过夜(37℃, 5% CO2),培养液1 200 r/min离心5分钟,细胞沉淀洗涤后在37℃,5%CO2条件下培养传代,实验用FBS一般经培养3~5代[5]

    1.5 伤口液对FBS增殖和胶原合成的调节作用

    取FBS 2.5×104/100 μl加入96孔培养板预先培养48小时后,换液,加入含10%伤口液的培养液,同时加入9 250 Bq 3 H-TdR,继续培养18小时,以3H-TdR掺入法测定FBS增殖能力。
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    取FBS 2×105/500 μl加入24孔培养板预先培养48小时后,待细胞长满孔底后换液,另加500 μl培养液,其中含伤口液10%、维生素C 50 μg/ml及3H-羟脯氨酸3.7×104 Bq,继续培养24小时,按文献[4]的方法测定3H-羟脯氨酸的掺入量,以表示FBS胶原合成能力。

    2 结果

    2.1 伤口液对FBS增殖和胶原合成的调节作用

    单纯创伤组伤口液能明显刺激FBS增殖和胶原合成,伤后5天,伤口液刺激FBS增殖作用最强;伤后8天,伤口液刺激FBS胶原合成最强(表1)。

    从表1可见,伤口液对FBS增殖及胶原合成有明显影响,与不加伤口液组比较,有显著性差异(P<0.01)。
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    表1 单纯创伤组中伤口液对FBS增殖及胶原合成的影响(n=6,cpm, ()/(x)±s)

    Tab 1 The effect of wound fluid on proliferation of FBS and synthesis of callagen in simple traumatic group (n=6,cpm,()/(x)±s)

    时间(天)

    Time (days)

    增殖(3H-TdR掺入)Proliferation (3H-TdR permeation)

    胶原合成(3H-羟脯氨酸掺入)Collagen synthesis (3H-hydroxy proline permeation)
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    不加伤口液

    No wound fluid

    2146±432

    5424±565

    3

    3427±684

    8674±986

    5

    5814±926

    16656±4683

    8

    5137±527
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    20943±5858

    13

    4583±681

    14294±3538

    2.2 辐射对伤口液刺激FBS增殖和胶原合成作用的影响,以及苯妥英钠的作用

    全身辐射合并创伤组中伤口液对FBS增殖与胶原合成的刺激作用明显降低。局部应用苯妥英钠后,两组伤口液对FBS增殖与胶原合成的刺激作用都有明显提高,见表2。

    从表2可见,全身辐射合并创伤组中,不加苯妥英钠与单纯创伤组不加苯妥英钠比较,有显著性差异(P<0.01);在同一组中加苯妥英钠与不加苯妥英钠比较,亦有显著性差异,全身辐射合并伤组FBS增殖P<0.05,其余P<0.01。
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    表2 辐射对伤口液刺激FBS增殖和胶原合成作用的影响以及苯妥英钠的作用

    (n=6,cpm, ±s)

    Tab 2 The effect on radiation of FBS proliferation and collagen synthesis which were stimulated by wound fluid, and the effect of phenytoin natrium(n=6,cpm, ±s)

    分 组

    Groups

    增殖(3H-TdR掺入)Proliferation (3H-TdR permeation)
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    胶原合成(3H-羟脯氨酸掺入)

    Collagen synthesis (3H-hydroxy proline permeation)

    单纯创伤组

    Simple traumatic group

    不加苯妥英钠

    No phenytoin natrium

    5 814±626

    16 656±4 683

    加苯妥英钠Phenytoin natrium
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    7 425±752

    28 476±3 164

    全身辐射合并创伤组

    Radiation & traumatic group

    不加苯妥英钠

    No phenytoin natrium

    3 263±541

    9 484±1 216

    加苯妥英钠Phenytoin natrium

    4 887±684

    14 889±2 844
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    3 讨论

    正常创伤愈合过程大致分为局部炎性反应(伤后1~3天)、细胞增殖分化(伤后4~8天)和组织修复重建(伤后9~15天),三个彼此有别又相互重叠的阶段。在这个过程中,含有多种细胞因子的伤口液作为组织细胞修复的微环境,对组织修复细胞起直接调控作用。我们的实验表明,伤口液对FBS增殖和胶原合成的调节作用,有一个由弱到强再到弱的趋势,其作用最高峰在伤后5~8天,这与创伤愈合过程是一致的[6]

    在创伤愈合过程中,许多细胞如巨噬细胞、FBS、上皮细胞及内皮细胞等都可释放多种细胞因子,一种细胞因子也可由多种细胞同时或相继分泌,这些因子相互作用,对创伤愈合过程起着重要的调控作用[7]。我们以前的实验已证明,大鼠受到6 Gy辐射后,由于全身衰竭、负氮平衡,以及伤口局部炎症减轻,伤口液中肿瘤坏死因子-α、白介素-1、转化生长因子-β及血小板源性生长因子等细胞因子水平在创伤早期都有不同程度的下降[8]。该实验结果表明,全身辐射后伤口液刺激FBS增殖和胶原合成的作用明显降低,说明全身辐射后伤口局部环境的改变明显不利于组织细胞的修复。
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    已有报道,苯妥英钠能抑制胶原酶的合成与释放,使细胞因子的破坏减少;还可增加伤口局部巨噬细胞的数量,并刺激巨噬细胞释放细胞因子[9],这些作用对促进创伤愈合有重要意义。我们在实验中,伤口局部应用苯妥英钠后,非辐射组和辐射组伤口液对FBS增殖和胶原合成的刺激作用都有明显的提高,说明苯妥英钠能改善创伤愈合的局部环境,促进创伤愈合。

    参考文献

    [1] Ford HR, Hoffman RA, Wing EJ, et al. Characterization of wound cytokines in the sponge matrix model. Arch Surg, 1989;124:1 422

    [2] Smith B, Moore M, Jain K. Topical phenytoin and wound healing: Report of the first internation conferences on the use of phenytoin on dermatology. Int J Dermatol, 1988;27:528
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    [3] Pendse AK, Sharma A, Sodani A, et al. Topical phenytoin in wound healing. Int J Dermatol, 1993;32:214

    [4] Pricolo VE, Caldwell MD, Mastrofranceso B, et al. Modulutory activites of wound fluid on fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. J Surg Res, 1990;48:534

    [5] Mateo RB, Reichner JS, Albina JE. Interleukin-6 activity in wounds. Am J Physiol, 1994;226:1 840

    [6] Richard AF, Clark MD. Regulation of fibroplasia in cutaneous wound repair. Am J Med Sci, 1993;306:42
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    [7] Pierce GF, Mustor TA. Pharmacologic enhancement of wound healing. Annu Rev Med, 1995;46:467

    [8] 宋述强,程天民,林 远.全身γ射线辐射后大鼠伤口液中细胞因子的变化及苯妥因钠的作用.基础医学与临床,1998;18(4):208

    [9] Dill RE, Miller Ek, Weil T, et al. Phenytoin increases gene expression for platelet-derived growth factor B chain in macrophages and monocytes. J Periodentol, 1993;64:169, 百拇医药