当前位置: 首页 > 期刊 > 《第一军医大学学报》 > 1999年第2期
编号:10220630
冠心病、高血压病人血浆氧自由基、一氧化氮及纤溶活性的变化*
http://www.100md.com 《第一军医大学学报》 1999年第2期
     作者:郭志刚 沈剑刚 翁昌鸿 佟 丽 陈玉尧 贾满盈 刘伊丽

    单位:第一军医大学1南方医院心内科,中医系, 广州,510515

    关键词:冠心病;高血压病;氧自由基;一氧化氮;纤溶因子

    第一军医大学学报990211 摘要:目的 探讨冠心病、高血压病人血浆氧自由基、一氧化氮(NO)及纤溶活性的变化及相互关系。方法 观察了30例正常人及185例冠心病、高血压病人血浆丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、组织型血纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)、 t-PA抑制物(PAI)及一氧化氮的变化。结果 稳定性心绞痛组、不稳定心绞痛组、陈旧性心肌梗塞组、Ⅰ、Ⅱ期高血压病组、Ⅲ期高血压病组、冠心病并高血压病组病人,其血浆MDA、PAI均明显高于正常组(P<0.01),而SOD、t-PA、NO则明显低于正常组(P<0.01)。结论 冠心病、高血压病人血浆中氧自由基增多,并可能引起血管内皮细胞损伤,NO合成释放减少,纤溶活性下降。
, http://www.100md.com
    中图分类号:R541.3; R541.4

    The changes of oxygen free radical, nitric oxide and fibrinolytic activity in plasma of the patients with coronary artery disease and hypertension

    Guo Zhigang1, Shen Jiangang2,Weng Changhong1, Tong Li2, Chen Yurao2, Jia Manyeng1, Lui Yili1

    1Department of Cardiolgy, Nanfang Hospital, 2Department of Chinese Medicine, First Military Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515Abstract: Objective To determine the changes and relationships between oxygen free radical, nitric oxide (NO) and fibrinolytic activity in plasma of patients with coronary artery disease and hypertension. Methods The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), NO and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), t-PA inhibitor (PAI) in plasma were measured in 30 normal subjects and 185 patients with coronary artery disease and hypertension. The patients were divided into stable angina group, unstable angina group and old myocardial infarction group, stages Ⅰor Ⅱ hypertension group, stage Ⅲ hypertension group and group of coronary artery disease with hypertension. Results Our data confirmed that the level of MDA and the activity of PAI were higher (P<0.01), the level of NO and the activity of SOD and t-PA were lower (P<0.01) in all patient groups compared with those in normal group. Conclusion Oxygen free radical in plasma of the patients with coronary artery disease and hypertension would increase, which could lead to injury of vascular endothelial cells, decrease of nitric oxide and reduction of fibrinolytic activity.
, 百拇医药
    Key words: coronary artery disease; hypertension; oxygen free radical; nitric oxide; fibrinolytic agents

    冠心病、高血压病是心血管内科的两种常见病,二者既可单独发生,也可并发于同一病人,两种疾病的发病机理目前仍不甚清楚,但病人血浆中氧自由基及脂质过氧化物(LPO)增多是引起两种疾病的重要原因之一[1],近几年研究发现一氧化氮(NO)减少及纤溶活性降低在冠心病、高血压病的发生中也具有重要作用[2~4]。我们通过同步观察病人血浆中丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)、t-PA抑制物(PAI)及NO,探讨机体氧化与抗氧化功能、纤溶与抗凝功能,血管舒张及抗血小板聚集功能的变化,以及三者之间的相互联系,为疾病的发病机理及病人的临床治疗提供证据。

    1 对象与方法
, http://www.100md.com
    1.1 病人资料 正常组30例(男25例,女5例),年龄42~72岁,平均64岁,均无高血压、冠心病及其他心脏病病史,无血栓性、血管性或其他慢性疾病史。病人185例(男125例,女60例),年龄36~79岁,平均62岁,其中稳定心绞痛组36例,不稳定心绞痛37例,陈旧性心肌梗塞组34例,Ⅰ、Ⅱ期高血压病组30例,Ⅲ期高血压病组21例,冠心病并高血压病组27例。按照世界卫生组织(WHO)1978年、1979年颁布的诊断标准分别进行冠心病、高血压病的诊断及分型。

    1.2检验指标测定 病人均于抽血前1周前停用阿斯匹林、潘生丁、力抗栓、肝素、维生素E、硝酸酯类、溶栓剂及各类中药。晨6时许抽血,全血与0.13 mol/L枸橼酸钠混合(9:1v/v),4℃ 3 000 r/min离心10 min,分离血浆待测MDA、NO含量及SOD、PAI活性,一部分血浆用等体积1 mol/L乙酸钠缓冲液(pH 3.9)酸化后测t-PA活性。MDA、SOD用南京建成生物工程公司生产的试剂盒检测(MDA用TBA法,SOD用黄嘌呤氧化酶法), t-PA、PAI用上海医科大学分子遗传室生产的试剂盒检测(底物发色法),NO用亚硝酸盐还原法测定[5]
, 百拇医药
    1.3统计学方法 正常组及冠心病、高血压病组之间结果比较用单因素方差分析。

    2 结果

    如表1所示,冠心病稳定心绞痛组、不稳定心绞痛组、陈旧心肌梗塞组及Ⅰ、Ⅱ期高血压病组、Ⅲ期高血压病组、冠心病并高血压病组病人MDA、PAI均明显高于正常组(P<0.01),而SOD、t-PA、NO则明显低于正常组(P<0.01),各病人组之间MDA、SOD、t-PA、PAI、NO无明显差异(表1)。

    表1 冠心病和高血压病人血浆MDA、SOD、t-PA、PAI、NO变化(±s)

    Tab.1 The change of MDA、SOD、t-PA、PAI、NO in patients with coronary artery disease and hypertension
, 百拇医药
    MDA(μmol/L)

    SOD(NU/ml)

    t-PA(IU/ml)

    PAI(AU/ml)

    NO(μmol/L)

    Normal people

    3.85±0.81

    148.08±18.29

    1.27±0.46

    1.90±1.12

    14.85±3.07
, http://www.100md.com
    Stable angina

    5.66±1.01*

    88.05±20.52*

    0.64±0.14

    5.60±1.79*

    8.70±1.83*

    Unstable angina

    5.10±0.95*

    73.55±12.08*

    0.53±0.20*

    5.68±1.03*
, http://www.100md.com
    7.75±1.78*

    Myocardial infraction

    5.66±1.01*

    84.98±18.47*

    0.50±0.20

    6.12±1.62*

    7.36±1.66*

    HypertensionⅠ,Ⅱ

    5.19±1.37*

    89.40±22.30*

    0.60±0.22*
, http://www.100md.com
    5.27±1.48*

    8.35±2.51*

    HypertensionⅢ

    5.84±1.30*

    83.16±21.04*

    0.68±0.30*

    5.72±2.18*

    7.53±2.69*

    CAD with HP

    5.10±1.38*

    100.93±25.23*
, http://www.100md.com
    0.65±0.38*

    5.76±2.19*

    9.11±3.48*

    Mean±SD, *P<0.01 vs normal people

    3 讨论

    自由基、一氧化氮、纤溶系统之间有着复杂的联系。我们以前的工作已证实冠心病、高血压病人血浆丙二醛(MDA)明显高于正常人,而且血浆中MDA主要存在于LDL中,引起氧化修饰的LDL(OxLDL)增多。OxLDL可与血管内皮细胞OxLDL受体及清道夫(Scavenger)受体结合,引起细胞凋亡,NO合成减少[6~8],Ox-LDL还可抑制一氧化氮合成酶(NOS),引起NO合成下降[9],从而使血管收缩、血小板聚集、血栓形成。SOD则能通过清除自由基,防止NO失活,并使体内NO的半衰期延长1倍。本实验发现冠心病、高血压病及冠心病并高血压病病人均出现MDA升高、SOD、NO下降。其机理可能为:MDA通过损伤内皮细胞、抑制NOS活性引起NO值下降,同时体内SOD减少,也使NO半衰期缩短,导致NO进一步减少。
, http://www.100md.com
    t-PA和PAI是决定纤溶系统活性的关键物质,PAI通过与t-PA形成1:1复活物而抑制纤溶酶原的激活[10]。游离状态的t-PA活性很低,而与纤维蛋白、肝素、一氧化氮结合后,可大大提高t-PA活性,其中t-PA与NO结合形成S-NO- t-PA复合物,此复合物既显著提高t-PA活性,又具有类似NO的血管舒张特性及抑制血小板聚集的功能。另外t-PA、PAI的活性还受到Ox-LDL的影响,Ren等[11]报道Ox-LDL可抑制内皮细胞t-PA并增加PAI的合成与释放。本实验中也可见病人血浆中MDA增加,t-PA活性下降,而NO的合成减少及PAI活性增加,更使t-PA活性进一步降低。t-PA活性下降意味着纤溶活性受损,使纤溶与凝血系统之间失去平衡,凝血系统相对占优势,使病人在动脉粥样硬化的基础上易形成血栓。

    由此可见,冠心病、高血压病人由于体内MDA增多,从而引起LDL氧化修饰及血管内皮细胞损伤,导致NO合成、释放减少,t-PA活性下降及PAI活性升高。
, 百拇医药
    参考文献

    Chen Y, Zhou M, Liu YL et al. Lipoperoxidative damage in patients with coronary heart disease. Med Sci Res, 1988,16:1059 邓鹤秋,郭衡山,刘兰平等.冠心病患者运动诱发急性心肌缺血时纤溶功能的改变.中国循环杂志,1995,10(2):72 Moncada S, Palmer RMJ, Higgs EA. Nitric Oxide: Physiology, Pathophy- siology and Pharmacolgy. Pharmaco Rev, 1991,43(20):109 Jeng JR, Sheu WH, Jeng CY et al. Impaired fibrinolysis and insulin resistance in patients with hypertension. Am J Hypertens, 1996,9(5):484 Ding AH, Nathan CF, Stuehr DJ. Release of reactive nitrogen intermediates and reactive oxygen intermediates from mouse peritoneal macrophages. J Immunol, 1988,141(7):2407 Jay MT, Chirico S, Siow RC et al. Modulation of vascular tone by low density lipoproteins: effects on L-arginine transport and nitric oxide synthesis. Exp physiol, 1997,82(2):349 Dimmeler S, Haendeler J, Galle J et al. Oxidized low density lipoprotein induces apoptosis of human endothelial cells by activation of CPP32-like proteases. A mechanistic clue to the response to injury hypothesis. Circulation, 1997,95(7):1760 Sawamura T, Kume N, Aoyama T et al. An endothelial receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein. Nature, 1997, 386(6620):73 Jorens PG, Rosseneu M, Devreese AM et al. Diminished capacity to release metabolites of nitric oxide synthase in macrophage loaded with oxidized low density lipoproteins. Eur J Pharmacol, 1992,212:112 Sprenger ED, Kluft C. Plasminogen activator inhibitors. Blood, 1987, 69(2): 381 Ren S, Man RY, Angel A et al. Oxidative modification enhances lipoprotein(a)-induced overproduction of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in cultured vascular endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis, 1997, 128(1):1 (收稿日期:1998-10-11), 百拇医药