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假两性畸型小鼠睾丸胆固醇侧链裂解酶mRNA的异常表达*
http://www.100md.com 《解剖学报》 1998年第1期
     作者:沙家豪 周作民 王黎熔 林 敏 朱 虎 O′Shaughnessy P J**

    单位:南京医科大学组织学胚胎学教研室,南京 210029;**Department of Physiology,University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, U K

    关键词:反转录-多聚酶链反应;P450scc;mRNA水平;Tfm小鼠

    解剖学报980112

     摘 要 为了解假两性畸型(Tfm)小鼠睾丸胆固醇侧链裂解酶(P450scc) mRNA的水平

    及影响其转录的机理,用反转录-多聚酶链反应比较了5d、20d、25d和30d正常小鼠、Tfm小鼠及30d手术隐睾小鼠睾丸P450scc的mRNA水平,正常小鼠在5~20d时,P450scc
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    mRNA水平较低,从25d起明显增高,至30d时mRNA水平是5d时的75倍;Tfm小鼠在5d

    时,P450scc mRNA水平稍高于正常小鼠,但随后直至30d其水平未见明显增高,在30d

    时,P450scc mRNA总量低于正常小鼠1/10;30d手术隐睾小鼠的P450scc mRNA水平低

    于正常30d小鼠1/2,高于Tfm小鼠5倍。结果提示,25d的Leydig细胞功能的形成需要受

    体介导的雄激素作用,而Tfm小鼠由于编码雄激素受体基因突变,间接导致青春期

    P450scc mRNA的低水平。

    伴X基因隐性遗传所致的假两性畸形(testicular feminized, Tfm)小鼠,具有短的盲端
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    阴道、小的阴茎原基和发育良好的乳头线;睾丸位于腹腔中,雄性生殖道的其他器官

    如前列腺、精囊腺和输精管均未发育[1]。尽管血浆中LH、FSH和催乳激素的含量均较

    高,并且睾丸中Leydig细胞的数量也基本正常[2],然而其分泌睾酮的能力却十分低下[3]

    研究表明,Tfm小鼠睾丸中睾酮生成酶类除3β-羟甾脱氢酶活性正常以外,17α-羟化

    酶和17β-羟甾脱氢酶的活性明显低于正常[4]。由于胆固醇侧链裂解酶(P450scc)催化所

    生成的产物较多,测定该酶的活性较难,因而至今未见Tfm小鼠睾丸P450scc活性检测
, 百拇医药
    的报道。本研究运用反转录-多聚酶链反应(RT-PCR)的方法测定了正常小鼠、Tfm小鼠

    和手术隐睾小鼠睾丸P450scc mRNA的水平,以图了解Tfm小鼠睾丸P450scc mRNA的水

    平及影响其转录的原因。

    材料和方法

    1.动物

    出生后5d、20d、25d和30d的正常小鼠和Tfm小鼠均来自MRC的放射生物学系

    (Harwell, UnitedKingdom),部分正常小鼠在19d时按Murphy等[5]的方法进行隐睾手术,每年龄组动物3~4只。各组动物被处死后,立即取出睾丸置液氮中保存。
, http://www.100md.com
    2. cDNA的合成

    按沙家豪等[6]的方法,取2mg睾丸组织,置RNAzolTMB液体中超声粉碎,氯仿抽

    提、异丙醇和pH7.0的3mol/L醋酸钠2次沉淀,提取睾丸的总RNA。用1μg RNA加20μl

    反应混合液(含50mmol/L KC1, 3mmol/L MgC12、10mmol/LTris-HCl pH8.3、1mmol/L

    DTT, 5μmol/L随机引物,500μmol/L dNTPs, 26U RNAsin, 8U M-MLV反转录酶),置

    37℃ 60min反转录合成第一链cDNA。
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    3.定量PCR

    P450scc引物1:5′-AGTGGCAGTCGTGGGGACAGT-3′

    引物2:5′-TAATACTGGTGATAGGCCACC-3′

    扩增产物411bp[7]

    β-肌动蛋白引物1:5′-GTGGGCCGCCCTAGGCACCA-3′

    引物2:5′-CGGTTGGCCTTAGGGTTCAGGGGGG-3′

    扩增产物245bp[8]

    用0.5~1μl cDNA加30μl的反应混合液[50mmol/L KC1,3mmol/L MgCl2,10mmol/L
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    Tris-HCl pH8.3, 0.5U Taq DNA多聚酶,200nmol/L引物×2400μmol/L dNTPs,1μCi(α-32P)dTAP],反应程序为96.6℃,3min一个循环,96℃ 36s,60℃ 75s和73℃

    60s反复循环,循环次数取决于各样本扩增的指数期时的循环数;反应产物置1%琼脂

    糖凝胶电泳;将凝胶置67℃ 3h干燥,溴乙锭染色30min或X线片曝光过夜。根据染色

    的条带或X线曝光的条带,切下产物带置闪烁液中,测定各产物的cpm值。用P450scc

    的cpm值比β-肌动蛋白的cpm值,得到P450scc mRNA的表达水平。

    结 果
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    各组小鼠睾丸mRNA经抽提和2次沉淀后,用作RT\|PCR的模板,所得扩增片段的大

    小分别为:P450scc——411bp;β-肌动蛋白——245bp。不加cDNA的对照组未见任何扩

    增片段,表明PCR的扩增产物是特异的。样本PCR经不同循环测定P450scc cDNA和β-

    肌动蛋白cDNA扩增产物的指数期和平台期如图1所示。根据各样本带所在位置,收集

    反应产物并测定其cpm值,以P450scc扩增指数期的cpm值比β-肌动蛋白扩增指数期的

    cpm值,可得P450sccmRNA表达水平,并乘各年龄组睾丸的重量,得每个睾丸的

    P450scc总水平,如图2所示。
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    图1 30d正常小鼠cDNA经PCR不同循环扩增P450scc和β-肌动蛋白,凝胶电泳显示吸

    收32P的扩增产物

    Fig.1 Amplificationof cDNA prepared from normal mouse testis at 30 days. Thepolymerase

    chain reaction was carried out withprimers for P450scc and β-actin and reactions were

    sampled at the cycles indicated. 32Pincorporated into the ampified product was shown
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    following gel electrophoresis.

    图2 5d、20d、25d和30d正常小鼠和Tfm小鼠及30d手术隐睾小鼠P450scc mRNA的

    水平(相对于β-肌动蛋白)。

    Fig.2 Levels ofP450scc mRNA (relative to β-actin) in normal and Tfm mice at5,20,25 and

    30 days of age and cryptorchid mice at 30days of age.

    讨 论

, 百拇医药     P450scc催化胆固醇转换成孕烯醇酮,在性腺中是所有类固醇生物合成不可缺少

    的,也是限制类固醇激素生成的闸门[9]。在大鼠,Leydig细胞生物合成雄激素的能力

    与P450scc蛋白质水平高度相关,而与3β-羟甾脱氢酶或17α-羟化酶蛋白质的水平无

    关[10]。本研究用RT-PCR的方法,测定正常小鼠、Tfm小鼠和手术隐睾小鼠睾丸P450scc

    mRNA的水平,进一步阐明Tfm小鼠睾丸合成雄激素功能障碍的原因。

    本实验结果显示,正常小鼠在出生后第5d时,P450scc mRNA含量很低,此时睾

    丸中的Leydig细胞仍处于胚胎时期[11]。第20d睾丸从腹腔下至阴囊,Leydig细胞的数
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    量明显增多,功能也明显增强;在30d时,每个Leydig细胞合成雄激素的能力已达到

    峰值[1214],此时P450scc mRNA的含量也明显增高,达到出生5d时的75倍。尽管Tfm

    小鼠睾丸Leydig细胞在出生5d时,P450scc mRNA的表达稍高于正常,但从第20d起,其

    表达明显低于正常;在第30d,Tfm小鼠睾丸P450scc mRNA的总含量小于正常的1/10。

    手术隐睾小鼠睾丸位于腹腔而影响精子的发生,导致睾丸的体积明显低于正常[15]。用

    30d的手术隐睾小鼠作为Tfm小鼠的对照,可反映腹腔环境对P450scc mRNA表达的影
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    响。结果显示手术隐睾30d的小鼠P450scc mRNA的含量为Tfm小鼠5倍,表明出生后

    20~30d青春期Tfm小鼠睾丸P450sccmRNA的调节与隐睾的腹腔环境无关。

    由于Tfm小鼠在编码雄激素受体的基因第1112位缺失一个碱基[2],该基因结构改

    变,使其翻译和合成雄激素受体蛋白质过早终止,所产生的受体缺乏与DNA和类固醇

    的结合的部位,导致Tfm小鼠的Leydig细胞因缺乏雄激素受体而对雄激素完全不敏感。

    有报道[3,4],Tfm小鼠对雄激素的不敏感是导致Leydig细胞中17α-羟化酶活性降低的原

    因。Goldstein等[1]发现,Tfm小鼠睾丸中睾酮生成障碍发生在孕烯醇酮转换到睾酮阶段。
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    Murphy等[3]发现,Tfm小鼠Leydig细胞中孕酮明显高于正常,当用hCG刺激培养的Tfm小

    鼠Leydig细胞时,孕酮含量高于正常30多倍,而睾酮的含量没有明显的改变。在我们

    研究中也发现,小鼠青春期的睾丸中P450scc mRNA的水平与雄激素受体mRNA的水平

    之间没有相关性(待发表)。 提示Tfm小鼠雄激素受体基因突变对17α-羟化酶有影响,而与P450scc无关。这些研究结果为本实验所发现的Tfm小鼠P450scc mRNA水平低下的

    机理提供了一个可能的解释:青春期Tfm小鼠睾丸P450scc mRNA水平的低下,不是由

    于隐睾的腹腔环境的影响,而是Tfm本身突变导致17α-羟化酶活性低下、孕酮堆积,高浓度的孕酮负反馈抑制P450scc mRNA的转录,可能是青春期Tfm小鼠P450scc mRNA
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    水平低下的根本原因。

    收稿1996-11 修回 1997-03

    * 英国Wellcome Trust基金资助的课题

    参 考 文 献

    [1] Goldstein JL, WilsonJD. Studies on the pathogenesis of the pseudohermapharoditism inthe

    mouse with testicular feminisation. JClini Invest, 1972, 51(7):1647

    [2] Blackburn WR, Chung KW, Bullock L, et al. Testicularfeministaion in the mouse:studies
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    of Leydig cell structure and function.Biol Reprod, 1973,9(1):9

    [3] Murphy L, O′Shaughnessy PJ. testicular steroidogenesisin the testicular feminised (Tfm)

    mouse:loss of 17α-hydroxylase activity. JEndocrinol, 1991, 131(3):443

    [4] Murphy L, O′Shaughnessy PJ. Abnormal Leydig celldevelopment at puberty in the

    androgen-resistant Tfm mouse. Endocrinol,1994, 135(4):1372
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    [5] Murphy L, O′Shaughnessy PJ. Testicular steroidogensisin the testicular feminisation in

    the mouse:study of Leydig cell structureand function. Biol Reprod, 1991,9(1):9

    [6] Sha J, Baker P, O′Shaughnessy PJ. Both reductiveforms of 17β-hydroxysteroid

    dehydrogenase(typel and 3) are expressedduring development in the mouse testis.

    Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 1996,222(1):90
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    [7] O′Shaughnessy PJ, Mannan MA.Development ofcytochrome P450side chain cleavage

    mRNA levels in neonatal ovaries of normaland hypogonadal (hpg) mice. Mol Cell

    Endocrinol, 1994, 104(2):133

    [8] Tokunaga K, Taniguchi H, Yoda K, et al. Nucleotide seqnenceof a full-length cDNA for

    mouse cytoskeletal β-actin mRNA. Nucleic Acids Res1986, 14(6):2829
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    [9] Iida S, Papadopoulos V, Hall PF. The influence of exogenousfree cholesterol on steroid

    synthesis in cultures adrenal cells.Endocrinol, 1989, 124(5):2619

    [10] Nolan CJ, Payne AH. Genotype at the P450scc locus determinesdifferences in the

    amount of P450scc protein and maximaltestosterone production in mouse Leydig-cells.

    Mol Endocrinol, 1990, 4(10):1459
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    [11] Gondos B. Development and differentiation of the testis andmale reproductive tract. In:

    Sterinberger A, Sternberger E (eds)Testicular Development, Structure and Function.

    New York:Raven Press,1980:3-20

    [12] Chase DJ, Payne AH. Changes in Leydig cell function duringsexual maturation in the

    mouse. Biol Reprod, 1983, 29(5):1194
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    [13] Vergouwen RPFA, Jacobs SG, Huiskamp R, et al.Proliferativeactivity of gonocytes,steroli cell and interstitial cells duringtesticular development in mice. J Reprod Fertil,1991,93(1);233

    [14] Vergouwen RPFA, Huiskamp R, Bas RJ,et al. Postnataldevelopment of testicular cell

    populations in mice. J Reprod Fertil,1993, 99(2):479

    [15] Murphy L, O′Shaughnessy PJ. Effect of cryptorchidismon testicular and Leydig cell
, 百拇医药
    androgen production in the mouse. Inter JAndrol, 1991, 14(1):66

    ABNORMALEXPRESSION OF P450scc mRNA AT PUBERTY

    IN THE Tfm MOUSE


    ShaJiahao,Zhou Zuomin, Wang Lirong, Lin Min, ZhuHu,O′Shaughnessy P J*

    (Department ofHistology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University,*Department of Vet. Physiology,University of Glasgow, UK)
, http://www.100md.com
    In this study, RT-PCR was used to comparethe levels of P450 cholesterol side-chain

    cleavage enzyme (P450scc) mRNA in 5,20,25 and 30 days normalmouse testes and the

    testicular feminized (Tfm) mouse testes and in 30 days artificialcryptorchidy mouse testes to

    determine mechanisms of regulating P450scc mRNA transcription. Innormal animals, P450scc

    mRNA levels were low at day 5 and day 20. There was a markedincrease from 25th day. In
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    30 days, P450scc mRNA levels were 75-fold higher than that on day5. In the Tfm groups,P450scc mRNA levels were normal on day 5, but failed to show anysignificant change

    thereafter and remained at neonatal levels on day 30 and P450sccmRNA levels were 10-fold

    lower than that in normal mice on day 30. In artificialcryptorchidy mice, P450scc mRNA

    levels were 5-fold higher than that in Tfm mice on day 30. Theresults suggested that adult
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    Leydig cells require receptor-mediated androgen activity aroundday 25 for normal functional

    development, whereas Tfm mouse with a mutation in the geneencoding the androgen receptor

    reduces the pubertal rise in P450scc mRNA levels. KEY WORDS Reversetranscription-polymerase chain reaction; Cholesterol side-chain

    cleavage enzyme mRNA levels; Tfm mouse

    ________________________

    △Department of Histology and Embryology,Nanjing Medical Univeristy, Nanjing 210029,China, http://www.100md.com(沙家豪 周作民 王黎熔 林 敏 朱 虎 O′Shaughnessy P J**)