不同产地、不同采收期的薤白中腺苷含量测定
作者：刘岱琳 刘爱玲 曲戈霞 王乃利 姚新生
单位：刘岱琳(沈阳药科大学中药系，沈阳 110015)
关键词：薤白；腺苷；HPLC
沈阳药科大学学报000310 摘 要 利用高效液相色谱法测定不同产地、不同采收期、不同部位、不同加工方法的薤白中腺苷的含量，将结果进行比较得出：(1)在花期，薤白中的腺苷主要向花和叶中转移；(2)春秋两季则主要存在于鳞茎中，易于进行采摘；(3)新采集的薤白经蒸法加工其腺苷含量高于煮法.本实验结果为薤白的栽培、采收及加工方法提供了一定的理论基础.
分类号 R917
Determination of Adenosine in Allium macrostemon Bunge of Different Producing Areas and Different Collecting Time
, http://www.100md.com
Liu Dailin,Liu Ailing,Qu Gexia,Wang Naili,Yao Xinsheng
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicines,Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,Shenyang 110015
Abstract HPLC was used to determine the content of adenosine in different parts of Allium macrostemon Bunge grown in different areas,collected in different seasons,processed by different methods.The conclusion was drawn as follows:(1)The content of adenosine in leaves and flowers of Allium macrostemon Bunge was higher than that in other parts when in flower.(2)The content of adenosine in bulb of Allium macrostemon Bunge was the highest when collected in Spring and Autumn.(3)The content of adenosine in steamed bulb of Allium macrostemon Bunge was higher than that of the boiled ones.So,scientific basis for the cultivating,gathering and processing of Allium macrostemon Bunge was provided from this experiment.
, 百拇医药
Key words Allium macrostemon Bunge；adenosine;HPLC
中药薤白为葱属植物小根蒜(Allium macrostemon Bunge)的干燥鳞茎，具有理气宽胸，通阳散结之功效，中医临床广泛用于治疗胸痹，心痛彻背等症〔1〕.目前研究〔2〕表明薤白中含有大量的挥发油、腺苷、色氨酸及其衍生物和甾体皂苷等成分.据报道〔3〕腺苷具有扩张冠状血管、增加冠状动脉血流量、扩张周围血管作用及减弱心肌收缩力的作用，是薤白治疗胸痹等症的主要活性成分之一.由于HPLC法具有准确、快速、易行等优点，故采用HPLC法测定了不同产地、不同采集期的薤白中腺苷的含量，并对其质量进行比较，以期能为薤白的栽培、采收及加工提供一定的理论依据.
1 实验材料
腺苷标准品由植化教研室姚新生教授提供；腺苷标准溶液的制备：精密称取腺苷标准品1.17 mg，用流动相甲醇-水(15∶85)定容至100 mL，作为标准溶液备用；本实验所用样品(见表1)均由中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学药用植物研究所徐昭玺研究员提供.样品溶液的制备：取粉碎后的各薤白样品2 g用10倍量60%乙醇回流提取3 h，过滤，将残渣用8倍量60%乙醇回流提取1 h，合并滤液用60%乙醇定容至50 mL，取20 mL样品提取液，蒸干后用流动相溶解并定容至10 mL，离心除去沉淀，用微孔滤膜过滤，备用.
, http://www.100md.com
高效液相色谱仪LC-10AD(日本岛津公司).
2 实验方法
2.1 薤白中腺苷的含量测定
2.1.1 色谱条件
色谱柱：YWG-C18(200 mm×5.0 mm);流动相：甲醇-水(15∶85)；流速：1 mL/min；测定波长：254 nm.
Tab.1 The samples collected from different places and processed by different methods No
Collected at different time
Origin
, 百拇医药
Procession
The different parts of the plant
1
April 19
Beijing
streamed
bulb
2
April 19
Beijing
boiled
bulb
, http://www.100md.com
3
May 18
Beijing
streamed
bulb
4
May 18
Beijing
streamed
bulb
5
May 18
Beijing
, http://www.100md.com
boiled
flower
6
May 18
Beijing
streamed
fibrous root
7
May 18
Beijing
boiled
stem
, http://www.100md.com 8
June 18
Beijing
streamed
bulb
9
June 18
Beijing
boiled
bulb
10
May 18
Beijing
, 百拇医药
streamed
bulb
11
July 18
Beijing
streamed
bulb
12
August 18
Beijing
streamed
bulb
, http://www.100md.com 13
August 18
Beijing
boiled
bulb
(to be continued)
(Continued Tab.1) No
Collected at different time
Origin
Procession
The different parts of the plant
, http://www.100md.com
14
September 18
Beijing
steamed
bulb and fibrous root
15
September 18
Beijing
boiled
bulb and fibrous root
16
October 19
, 百拇医药
Beijing
steamed
bulb and fibrous root
17
October 19
Beijing
boiled
bulb and fibrous root
18
October 19
Beijing
steamed
, 百拇医药
stem and leave
19
October 19
Beijing
boiled
stem and leave
20
The market of medicine in Anguo
boiled
bulb
21
July
, 百拇医药
Anguo
steamed
bulb
22
July 31
Jian in Jilin province
steamed
bulb
23
October
Neimenggu
steamed
, 百拇医药
bulb
24
October
Neimenggu
boiled
bulb
25
September
Kunming
steamed
bulb
26
October
, 百拇医药
Sichuang
steamed
bulb
27
October
Sichuang
boiled
bulb
(1)—The tenth sample was steamed after being put thirty days in the room；
(2)—The twenty-sixth sample and the twenty-seventh sample were the bulb of Allium chinense G.Don
, http://www.100md.com
2.1.2 标准曲线的制备
准确量取腺苷标准溶液0.5、1、2、3、4、5 mL分别置于10 mL容量瓶中，用流动相稀释至刻度，测定.以峰面积-浓度作图，在每毫升含腺苷0.5～6 μg范围内成良好的线性关系，其标准曲线方程为：y=1 112.2+758.3x，相关系数r=0.999 8(n=6).
2.1.3 回收率试验
采用加样回收法.取样品1溶液5 mL，置10 mL容量瓶中；准确加入上述标准溶液2 mL，用同一溶剂稀释至刻度，摇匀，测定.回收率测定结果见表2.Tab.2 Results of recovery(n=5) No
Add/μg
Obs/μg
Recovery/%
, http://www.100md.com
Mean±SD/%
1
23.4
22.98
98.2
2
23.4
23.02
98.4
3
23.4
22.71
97.1
, 百拇医药
97.9±1.4
4
23.4
22.51
96.2
5
23.4
23.33
99.7
2.2 样品中腺苷含量的测定
将同一产地(北京)，不同采集期的薤白鳞茎，分别通过蒸法(样品1、3、8、11、12、14、16)和煮法(样品2、4、9、13、15、17)加工后对其腺苷的含量进行测定，结果分别见图1和图2.
, 百拇医药
Fig.1 The content of adenosine in steamed bulb of Allium macrostemon Bunge of Beijing in relation to different months
Fig.2 The content of adenosine in boiled bulb of Allium macrostemon Bunge of Beijing in relation to different months
图1、图2中均表明春秋两季薤白中腺苷的含量比较高，夏季含量很少，9月份达到峰值，以后又有所降低，所以9月份采集比较好.同时将图1和图2进行比较，通过蒸法处理后的样品腺苷含量比煮法高，因此对于腺苷的含量蒸法优于煮法.
对同一产地(北京)薤白的不同部位进行腺苷含量的测定，结果见表3和图3.
, 百拇医药
Tab.3 The adenosine contents in different parts of Allium macrostemon Bunge grown in the same place No
Collected at
different seasons
The part of
the plant
Procession
Amount of in-
jection/μL
Area
, 百拇医药
Adenosine(mg)/
Herbal drug(g)
Adenosine(mg)/Absolute
dry herbal drug(g)
3
May 18
bulb
steamed
20
11 534
0.108
0.119
, 百拇医药
4
May 18
bulb
boiled
20
10 960
0.103
0.114
5
May 18
flower
boiled
20
, 百拇医药
30 390
0.268
0.298
6
May 18
fibrous root
steamed
20
12 412
0.115
0.128
7
May 18
, 百拇医药
stem
boiled
20
4 878
0.051 0
0.055 8
10
May 18
bulb
steamed
20
6 844
0.067 8
, 百拇医药
0.074 4
18
October 19
stem and leave
steamed
20
37 726
0.331
0.336
19
October 19
stem and leave
, 百拇医药
boiled
20
24 892
0.221
0.247
The different part of plant
Fig.3 Changes of adenosine contents in the different parts of Allium macrostemon Bunge collected in May in Beijing
表3和图3均表明了5月份采集的薤白其不同部位的含量变化.表3中可以看出10月份采集的茎叶中腺苷的含量明显增高.而图3则清楚地表明5月份是该植物的开花期，花中含有大量的腺苷，须根中的含量和鳞茎中的相差不多，茎杆的含量最低.采集后样品在室内放置30 d后测定，腺苷的含量明显降低，因此采集后应该马上进行蒸法或煮法处理.
, 百拇医药
对不同产地薤白(或薤)的腺苷含量进行测定，结果见表4.
表4表明内蒙古、吉林集安和北京产的薤白其腺苷含量都比较高，安国的产品其含量相对比较少.
3 结果与讨论
a.对于不同采集期薤白其腺苷的含量比较，春秋两季采集的薤白，腺苷的含量相对比较高.这与文献记载〔1〕的中药薤白的采收期是相符的，即最好是在9月份采集.
Tab.4 The adenosine contents in Allium macrostemon Bunge or Allium chinense G.Don.grown in different places No
Collected at
, 百拇医药 different
seasons
Origin
Procession
Amount of
injection
/μL
Area
Adenosine(mg)/
Herbal drug(g)
Adenosine(mg)/Abs-
olute dry herbal drug
, 百拇医药
(g)
16
October 19
Beijing
steamed
20
28 394
0.251
0.276
17
October 19
Beijing
boiled
, http://www.100md.com
20
16 954
0.154
0.169
20
The market of
drug in Anguo
boiled
20
23 258
0.208
0.229
, http://www.100md.com 21
July
Anguo
steamed
20
24 008
0.214
0.218
22
July 31
Jian in Jilin
province
steamed
, 百拇医药
20
29 616
0.262
0.287
23
October
Neimenggu
steamed
20
25 440
0.226
0.250
24
, http://www.100md.com
October
Neimenggu
boiled
20
26 998
0.239
0.265
25
September
Kunming
steamed
20
23 102
, http://www.100md.com
0.206
0.228
26
October
Sichuan
steamed
20
18 552
0.167
0.184
27
October
Sichuan
, http://www.100md.com
boiled
20
16 474
0.150
0.166
b.对于同一采集期的薤白分别采用蒸法和煮法加工后，对其腺苷的含量进行比较，蒸法加工后的样品要高于煮法，这有可能是由于腺苷水溶性较好，用煮法加工时腺苷被损失导致含量降低.
c.对于同一采集期、不同部位的薤白其腺苷的含量比较，鳞茎是腺苷的主要含有部位，这恰好为中药薤白采用鳞茎入药提供了理论依据；在开花期间，花序也是主要的含有部位，叶中的腺苷含量也较高，须根中的含量较少，茎杆中的含量最少，这可能是由于在花期，营养成分主要向花序转移，因此导致花中腺苷的含量大幅度增加，而鳞茎、根和茎杆中的腺苷含量则相应不同程度的降低，尤其是茎杆中的含量非常少，到了秋季(10月份)其腺苷的含量则明显增加，这再次说明了中药薤白的采收期应在秋季.
, 百拇医药
d.北京、安国、吉林集安、内蒙古、昆明和四川等不同产地所产的中药薤白其腺苷的含量进行比较，安国的产品含量较低，北京、内蒙古和昆明产品含量较高，而吉林集安的产品腺苷的含量非常高.因此，建议应采用北京、内蒙古、昆明和吉林集安的产品药用.
基金项目：国家中医药管理局重点研究室开放基金项目
作者简介：刘爱玲(本校1995极学生)
参考文献
1 中国医学科学院药物研究所编.中药志.第二册.北京：人民卫生出版社，1985.564～566
2 彭军鹏.中药薤白化学成分及其抗血小板聚集活性研究:[博士学位论文].沈阳：沈阳药科大学，1995
3 高庆祥，陈万春.腺苷的临床应用.上海医学，1994，17(1):60～62
收稿日期：1999-10-08
, http://www.100md.com
单位：刘岱琳(沈阳药科大学中药系，沈阳 110015)
关键词：薤白；腺苷；HPLC
沈阳药科大学学报000310 摘 要 利用高效液相色谱法测定不同产地、不同采收期、不同部位、不同加工方法的薤白中腺苷的含量，将结果进行比较得出：(1)在花期，薤白中的腺苷主要向花和叶中转移；(2)春秋两季则主要存在于鳞茎中，易于进行采摘；(3)新采集的薤白经蒸法加工其腺苷含量高于煮法.本实验结果为薤白的栽培、采收及加工方法提供了一定的理论基础.
分类号 R917
Determination of Adenosine in Allium macrostemon Bunge of Different Producing Areas and Different Collecting Time
, http://www.100md.com
Liu Dailin,Liu Ailing,Qu Gexia,Wang Naili,Yao Xinsheng
Department of Traditional Chinese Medicines,Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,Shenyang 110015
Abstract HPLC was used to determine the content of adenosine in different parts of Allium macrostemon Bunge grown in different areas,collected in different seasons,processed by different methods.The conclusion was drawn as follows:(1)The content of adenosine in leaves and flowers of Allium macrostemon Bunge was higher than that in other parts when in flower.(2)The content of adenosine in bulb of Allium macrostemon Bunge was the highest when collected in Spring and Autumn.(3)The content of adenosine in steamed bulb of Allium macrostemon Bunge was higher than that of the boiled ones.So,scientific basis for the cultivating,gathering and processing of Allium macrostemon Bunge was provided from this experiment.
, 百拇医药
Key words Allium macrostemon Bunge；adenosine;HPLC
中药薤白为葱属植物小根蒜(Allium macrostemon Bunge)的干燥鳞茎，具有理气宽胸，通阳散结之功效，中医临床广泛用于治疗胸痹，心痛彻背等症〔1〕.目前研究〔2〕表明薤白中含有大量的挥发油、腺苷、色氨酸及其衍生物和甾体皂苷等成分.据报道〔3〕腺苷具有扩张冠状血管、增加冠状动脉血流量、扩张周围血管作用及减弱心肌收缩力的作用，是薤白治疗胸痹等症的主要活性成分之一.由于HPLC法具有准确、快速、易行等优点，故采用HPLC法测定了不同产地、不同采集期的薤白中腺苷的含量，并对其质量进行比较，以期能为薤白的栽培、采收及加工提供一定的理论依据.
1 实验材料
腺苷标准品由植化教研室姚新生教授提供；腺苷标准溶液的制备：精密称取腺苷标准品1.17 mg，用流动相甲醇-水(15∶85)定容至100 mL，作为标准溶液备用；本实验所用样品(见表1)均由中国医学科学院中国协和医科大学药用植物研究所徐昭玺研究员提供.样品溶液的制备：取粉碎后的各薤白样品2 g用10倍量60%乙醇回流提取3 h，过滤，将残渣用8倍量60%乙醇回流提取1 h，合并滤液用60%乙醇定容至50 mL，取20 mL样品提取液，蒸干后用流动相溶解并定容至10 mL，离心除去沉淀，用微孔滤膜过滤，备用.
, http://www.100md.com
高效液相色谱仪LC-10AD(日本岛津公司).
2 实验方法
2.1 薤白中腺苷的含量测定
2.1.1 色谱条件
色谱柱：YWG-C18(200 mm×5.0 mm);流动相：甲醇-水(15∶85)；流速：1 mL/min；测定波长：254 nm.
Tab.1 The samples collected from different places and processed by different methods No
Collected at different time
Origin
, 百拇医药
Procession
The different parts of the plant
1
April 19
Beijing
streamed
bulb
2
April 19
Beijing
boiled
bulb
, http://www.100md.com
3
May 18
Beijing
streamed
bulb
4
May 18
Beijing
streamed
bulb
5
May 18
Beijing
, http://www.100md.com
boiled
flower
6
May 18
Beijing
streamed
fibrous root
7
May 18
Beijing
boiled
stem
, http://www.100md.com 8
June 18
Beijing
streamed
bulb
9
June 18
Beijing
boiled
bulb
10
May 18
Beijing
, 百拇医药
streamed
bulb
11
July 18
Beijing
streamed
bulb
12
August 18
Beijing
streamed
bulb
, http://www.100md.com 13
August 18
Beijing
boiled
bulb
(to be continued)
(Continued Tab.1) No
Collected at different time
Origin
Procession
The different parts of the plant
, http://www.100md.com
14
September 18
Beijing
steamed
bulb and fibrous root
15
September 18
Beijing
boiled
bulb and fibrous root
16
October 19
, 百拇医药
Beijing
steamed
bulb and fibrous root
17
October 19
Beijing
boiled
bulb and fibrous root
18
October 19
Beijing
steamed
, 百拇医药
stem and leave
19
October 19
Beijing
boiled
stem and leave
20
The market of medicine in Anguo
boiled
bulb
21
July
, 百拇医药
Anguo
steamed
bulb
22
July 31
Jian in Jilin province
steamed
bulb
23
October
Neimenggu
steamed
, 百拇医药
bulb
24
October
Neimenggu
boiled
bulb
25
September
Kunming
steamed
bulb
26
October
, 百拇医药
Sichuang
steamed
bulb
27
October
Sichuang
boiled
bulb
(1)—The tenth sample was steamed after being put thirty days in the room；
(2)—The twenty-sixth sample and the twenty-seventh sample were the bulb of Allium chinense G.Don
, http://www.100md.com
2.1.2 标准曲线的制备
准确量取腺苷标准溶液0.5、1、2、3、4、5 mL分别置于10 mL容量瓶中，用流动相稀释至刻度，测定.以峰面积-浓度作图，在每毫升含腺苷0.5～6 μg范围内成良好的线性关系，其标准曲线方程为：y=1 112.2+758.3x，相关系数r=0.999 8(n=6).
2.1.3 回收率试验
采用加样回收法.取样品1溶液5 mL，置10 mL容量瓶中；准确加入上述标准溶液2 mL，用同一溶剂稀释至刻度，摇匀，测定.回收率测定结果见表2.Tab.2 Results of recovery(n=5) No
Add/μg
Obs/μg
Recovery/%
, http://www.100md.com
Mean±SD/%
1
23.4
22.98
98.2
2
23.4
23.02
98.4
3
23.4
22.71
97.1
, 百拇医药
97.9±1.4
4
23.4
22.51
96.2
5
23.4
23.33
99.7
2.2 样品中腺苷含量的测定
将同一产地(北京)，不同采集期的薤白鳞茎，分别通过蒸法(样品1、3、8、11、12、14、16)和煮法(样品2、4、9、13、15、17)加工后对其腺苷的含量进行测定，结果分别见图1和图2.
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Fig.1 The content of adenosine in steamed bulb of Allium macrostemon Bunge of Beijing in relation to different months
Fig.2 The content of adenosine in boiled bulb of Allium macrostemon Bunge of Beijing in relation to different months
图1、图2中均表明春秋两季薤白中腺苷的含量比较高，夏季含量很少，9月份达到峰值，以后又有所降低，所以9月份采集比较好.同时将图1和图2进行比较，通过蒸法处理后的样品腺苷含量比煮法高，因此对于腺苷的含量蒸法优于煮法.
对同一产地(北京)薤白的不同部位进行腺苷含量的测定，结果见表3和图3.
, 百拇医药
Tab.3 The adenosine contents in different parts of Allium macrostemon Bunge grown in the same place No
Collected at
different seasons
The part of
the plant
Procession
Amount of in-
jection/μL
Area
, 百拇医药
Adenosine(mg)/
Herbal drug(g)
Adenosine(mg)/Absolute
dry herbal drug(g)
3
May 18
bulb
steamed
20
11 534
0.108
0.119
, 百拇医药
4
May 18
bulb
boiled
20
10 960
0.103
0.114
5
May 18
flower
boiled
20
, 百拇医药
30 390
0.268
0.298
6
May 18
fibrous root
steamed
20
12 412
0.115
0.128
7
May 18
, 百拇医药
stem
boiled
20
4 878
0.051 0
0.055 8
10
May 18
bulb
steamed
20
6 844
0.067 8
, 百拇医药
0.074 4
18
October 19
stem and leave
steamed
20
37 726
0.331
0.336
19
October 19
stem and leave
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boiled
20
24 892
0.221
0.247
The different part of plant
Fig.3 Changes of adenosine contents in the different parts of Allium macrostemon Bunge collected in May in Beijing
表3和图3均表明了5月份采集的薤白其不同部位的含量变化.表3中可以看出10月份采集的茎叶中腺苷的含量明显增高.而图3则清楚地表明5月份是该植物的开花期，花中含有大量的腺苷，须根中的含量和鳞茎中的相差不多，茎杆的含量最低.采集后样品在室内放置30 d后测定，腺苷的含量明显降低，因此采集后应该马上进行蒸法或煮法处理.
, 百拇医药
对不同产地薤白(或薤)的腺苷含量进行测定，结果见表4.
表4表明内蒙古、吉林集安和北京产的薤白其腺苷含量都比较高，安国的产品其含量相对比较少.
3 结果与讨论
a.对于不同采集期薤白其腺苷的含量比较，春秋两季采集的薤白，腺苷的含量相对比较高.这与文献记载〔1〕的中药薤白的采收期是相符的，即最好是在9月份采集.
Tab.4 The adenosine contents in Allium macrostemon Bunge or Allium chinense G.Don.grown in different places No
Collected at
, 百拇医药 different
seasons
Origin
Procession
Amount of
injection
/μL
Area
Adenosine(mg)/
Herbal drug(g)
Adenosine(mg)/Abs-
olute dry herbal drug
, 百拇医药
(g)
16
October 19
Beijing
steamed
20
28 394
0.251
0.276
17
October 19
Beijing
boiled
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20
16 954
0.154
0.169
20
The market of
drug in Anguo
boiled
20
23 258
0.208
0.229
, http://www.100md.com 21
July
Anguo
steamed
20
24 008
0.214
0.218
22
July 31
Jian in Jilin
province
steamed
, 百拇医药
20
29 616
0.262
0.287
23
October
Neimenggu
steamed
20
25 440
0.226
0.250
24
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October
Neimenggu
boiled
20
26 998
0.239
0.265
25
September
Kunming
steamed
20
23 102
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0.206
0.228
26
October
Sichuan
steamed
20
18 552
0.167
0.184
27
October
Sichuan
, http://www.100md.com
boiled
20
16 474
0.150
0.166
b.对于同一采集期的薤白分别采用蒸法和煮法加工后，对其腺苷的含量进行比较，蒸法加工后的样品要高于煮法，这有可能是由于腺苷水溶性较好，用煮法加工时腺苷被损失导致含量降低.
c.对于同一采集期、不同部位的薤白其腺苷的含量比较，鳞茎是腺苷的主要含有部位，这恰好为中药薤白采用鳞茎入药提供了理论依据；在开花期间，花序也是主要的含有部位，叶中的腺苷含量也较高，须根中的含量较少，茎杆中的含量最少，这可能是由于在花期，营养成分主要向花序转移，因此导致花中腺苷的含量大幅度增加，而鳞茎、根和茎杆中的腺苷含量则相应不同程度的降低，尤其是茎杆中的含量非常少，到了秋季(10月份)其腺苷的含量则明显增加，这再次说明了中药薤白的采收期应在秋季.
, 百拇医药
d.北京、安国、吉林集安、内蒙古、昆明和四川等不同产地所产的中药薤白其腺苷的含量进行比较，安国的产品含量较低，北京、内蒙古和昆明产品含量较高，而吉林集安的产品腺苷的含量非常高.因此，建议应采用北京、内蒙古、昆明和吉林集安的产品药用.
基金项目：国家中医药管理局重点研究室开放基金项目
作者简介：刘爱玲(本校1995极学生)
参考文献
1 中国医学科学院药物研究所编.中药志.第二册.北京：人民卫生出版社，1985.564～566
2 彭军鹏.中药薤白化学成分及其抗血小板聚集活性研究:[博士学位论文].沈阳：沈阳药科大学，1995
3 高庆祥，陈万春.腺苷的临床应用.上海医学，1994，17(1):60～62
收稿日期：1999-10-08
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