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白细胞介素-6及其mRNA与妊高征发病的关系
http://www.100md.com 《中华妇产科杂志》 1998年第12期
     作者:阴春霞 田永庆 郑莹

    单位:130042 长春市妇产科医院

    关键词:白细胞介素-6;妊娠并发症;心血管;高血压;胎盘;胎儿

    中华妇产科杂志981202 【摘要】 目的 探讨白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及其mRNA与妊高征发病的关系。方法 应用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术,检测57例妊高征患者(妊高征组)及15例正常妊娠妇女(正常妊娠组)母血白细胞及胎盘IL-6 mRNA表达,同时采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELASA)法检测母血及羊水中IL-6含量。结果 (1)妊高征组母血IL-6及其mRNA含量随病情加重呈升高趋势,与正常妊娠组比较,差异有极显著性(P<0.01);胎盘IL-6 mRNA及羊水IL-6含量随妊高征病情加重呈下降趋势,妊高征组胎盘IL-6及其mRNA含量显著低于正常妊娠组,妊高征组羊水IL-6含量显著低于正常妊娠组。(2)妊高征组母血IL-6与其mRNA呈正相关(r=0.67, P<0.01);羊水IL-6与胎盘IL-6 mRNA呈正相关(r=0.79, P<0.01);母血IL-6及其mRNA与羊水IL-6无显著相关关系(r1=-0.21, r2=-0.31,两者P>0.05)。(3)妊高征伴宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)者,其胎盘IL-6 mRNA及羊水IL-6含量显著低于不伴IUGR者。结论 妊高征患者的免疫活性细胞释放过多的IL-6,参与了妊高征的免疫损伤过程。羊水中IL-6含量下降是妊高征患者的胎盘产生并转运IL-6至羊水的能力下降所致。胎盘IL-6下降在妊高征及IUGR发病中可能有重要的作用。
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    Study on Relationship between Detection of Interleukin-6 and its mRNA and Pregnancy Induced Hypertension Yin Chunxia, Tian Yongqing, Zheng Ying. The Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital. Chang Chun 130042

    【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the effect of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) on pathogenesis of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and to confirm the derivation of IL-6 and relationship between IL-6 and growth of placenta and fetus. Methods Pregnant women without infection and uterine contraction are divided into two groups: (1)PIH group (n=57), (2)Normal pregnancy group (n=15). reverse transcription-polymerase chain rection (RT-PCR) is used to detect IL-6 mRNA expression in leucocyto of peripheral blood and in placenta; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used to detect IL-6 level of peripheral blood and amniotic fluid. Results (1) The level of IL-6 and its mRNA in peripheral blood has a increasing trend as PIH degree. In moderate and severe PIH, IL-6 and its mRNA level are significantly higher than that of normal pregnancy. In each degree of PIH, IL-6 mRNA expression in placeata is significantly lower than that of normal pregnancy. In moderate and severe PIH, IL-6 level in amniotic fluid is significantly lower than that in normal pregnancy (P<0.001). (2) In moderate and severe PIH, IL-6 level has high correlation to the IL-6 mRNA in peripheral blood (r=0.67, P<0.01). The IL-6 level in amniotic fluid has significant correlation to IL-6 mRNA in placenta (r=0.79, P<0.01). IL-6 and its mRNA in peripheral blood has no high correlation to IL-6 in amniotic fluid. (3) In severe PIH, the IL-6 mRNA in placenta and IL-6 level in amniotic fluid in the group of pregnancy with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) are both lower than that of the group without IUGR (P<0.05). Conclusion In PIH, the immune activity is rising, the IL-6 is overproduced by activated immune cells and it may involve in immune respond of organism and damage of vasicular endothelium. Decrease of IL-6 mRNA in placenta and IL-6 in amniotic fluid showes that the capability of production and transport of IL-6 decline in placenta of PIH patient. and these result in ischemia of placenta trophoblast and disturbance of the growth and development of placenta and fetus.
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    【Key words】 Inlerleukin-6 Pregnancy camplications, cardiovascular Hypertension Planceta Fetus

    白细胞介素6(IL-6)是一种具有复杂生物功能的、由多种组织细胞产生的细胞因子。国外学者研究发现,母血、羊水及胎盘中IL-6含量异常与妊高征发病密切相关[1]。本研究为进一步探讨IL-6及其mRNA与妊高征发病的关系,采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术,检测母血白细胞及胎盘IL-6 mRNA的表达,旨在为妊高征的发病及病理变化研究提供新的理论依据。

    资料与方法

    一、研究对象

    妊高征组:57例,其中轻度妊高征19例,中度18例,重度20例,正常妊娠组:15例。两组均选自我院1996年10月至1997年3月住院患者,无感染、无宫缩、无内科合并症,均行剖宫产术分娩,妊高征的诊断依据《妇产科学》(第4版)为准[2]
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    二、标本采集和处理

    两组均于剖宫产术前取肘静脉血10 ml,分置两管,一管含肝素抗凝,另一管在室温下静止2小时后离心15分钟,取上清液装于无菌干燥试管内,封口放于-70℃冰箱保存待测。术中取羊水5 ml,同法处理,术毕于胎盘母体面脐带根部取胎盘组织3 cm×3 cm×3 cm大小,滤纸充分吸干,置于无菌干燥的瓶内,-70℃冰箱保存待测。

    三、实验方法

    1.酶联免疫吸附试验法:检测母血及羊水IL-6含量,试剂盒由北京邦定生物制品有限公司提供。

    2.RT-PCR法:检测母血白细胞及胎盘中IL-6 mRNA表达情况,引物由上海细胞生物所供给。(1)RNA提取:将5 ml外周抗凝血用淋巴细胞分离液离心10分钟,取上层白细胞,加入CSB液;200~500 mg的胎盘组织充分剪碎后也加入CSB液,然后均按常规方式提取RNA,甲醛变性凝胶电泳鉴定RNA。(2)RT-PCR定量检测IL-6 mRNA:以提取的RNA为模板,按传统方式制备出cDNA,再置于DNA扩增仪进行30个循环扩增,然后将扩增产物加入琼脂糖凝孔内3V/cm电泳30~60分钟,溴化乙锭染色,紫外分析仪上观察DNA扩增带,用密度扫描仪检测γ-肌动蛋白基因和IL-6基因产物扩增带,根据公式计算IL-6 mRNA相对含量。IL-6 mRNA相对含量=IL-6密度/γ-肌动蛋白密度×100%。
, 百拇医药
    四、统计学处理

    采用t检验。

    结果

    一、两组母血IL-6及其mRNA含量测定结果

    随着妊高征病情的加重,母血IL-6及其mRNA含量呈增高趋势,除轻度妊高征外,中、重度妊高征患者均较正常妊娠组差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结果见表1。

    表1 两组母血IL-6及其mRNA含量比较 组别

    IL-6(ng/L)

    IL-6 mRNA

    例数

    ()
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    例数

    ()

    正常妊娠组

    15

    1.739±0.123

    10

    0.542±0.047

    妊高征组

    轻度

    19

    1.926±0.123

    12
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    0.609±0.160

    中度

    18

    2.390±0.696**

    12

    0.770±0.090*

    重度

    20

    4.730±0.531**

    14

    0.870±0.090**
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    注:与正常妊娠组比较,*P<0.05 **P<0.01(下同)

    二、两组胎盘IL-6 mRNA和羊水IL-6含量测定结果

    妊高征组胎盘IL-6 mRNA及羊水IL-6含量随妊高征病情加重呈下降趋势。经统计学处理,妊高征患者胎盘IL-6 mRNA含量均显著低于正常妊娠组,中、重度妊高征患者羊水中IL-6含量极显著低于正常妊娠组。结果见表2。

    表2 两组胎盘IL-6 mRNA和羊水IL-6含量测定结果 组别

    胎盘IL-6 mRNA

    羊水IL-6 (ng/L)

    例数

    ()
, 百拇医药
    例数

    ()

    正常妊娠组

    9

    0.469±0.061

    15

    305.10±20.42

    妊高征组

    轻度

    13

    0.404±0.065*
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    19

    292.80±30.80

    中度

    13

    0.309±0.070**

    18

    254.68±36.20**

    重度

    12

    0.206±0.039**

    20

    216.00±22.13**
, 百拇医药
    三、IL-6与IL-6 mRNA相关性测定

    中、重度妊高征患者中,母血IL-6及白细胞IL-6 mRNA呈高度正相关(r=0.67, P<0.01);羊水IL-6与胎盘IL-6 mRNA呈高度正相关(r=0.79,P<0.01);母血IL-6及其mRNA与羊水IL-6均无显著相关性(r1=-0.21 r2=-0.31, 两者P均>0.05)。

    四、重度妊高征合并IUGR与不合并IUGR者IL-6及mRNA含量比较

    重度妊高征合并宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)者母血IL-6及mRNA呈升高趋势,但与不合并IUGR者,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。羊水IL-6及胎盘IL-6 mRNA水平较不合并IUGR者明显下降,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结果见表3。

    表3 重度妊高征合并IUGR与不合并IUGR者IL-6及mRNA含量比较 类别
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    母血IL-6 mRNA

    母血IL-6(ng/L)

    胎盘IL-6 mRNA

    羊水IL-6(ng/L)

    例数

    ()

    例数

    ()

    例数

    ()
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    例数

    ()

    合并IUGR

    5

    0.89±0.062

    9

    4.91±0.560

    6

    0.18±0.026

    9

    205.2±17.060

    不合并IUGR
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    9

    0.87±0.110

    11

    4.57±0.490

    7

    0.23±0.032

    11

    224.9±22.530

    讨论

    一、IL-6的分子生物学特性

    IL-6是一种分子量为26 000的糖蛋白,它由多种组织细胞产生,如免疫活性细胞,成纤维细胞,血管内皮细胞等。IL-6生物作用广泛,它可诱导B细胞分化并产生免疫球蛋白;促进T细胞增殖生长,诱导T细胞表达IL-2受体;促进骨髓造血干细胞增殖,诱导肝细胞急性期反应蛋白的生成,诱导神经细胞分化。
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    二、IL-6与妊高征免疫失衡、血管内皮损伤的关系

    免疫失衡参与妊高征的发病过程,已得到许多学者证实,细胞因子在免疫调节中起重要作用。Vince等[3]证实,先兆子痫患者IL-6水平显著增高,且与肿瘤坏死因子具有相关性。亦有报道,母血IL-6与妊高征病情严重程度有关,伴有溶血、肝酶升高、血小板降低(HELLP)综合征者IL-6增高更显著[4]。本实验结果显示,妊高征时IL-6增高及白细胞中IL-6 mRNA表达亢进,且两者呈正相关。因此,考虑妊高征时机体免疫活性增强,并释放过多的IL-6参与妊高征病理过程,其机理如下:(1)刺激血小板源性生长因子产生[5],使动脉壁对低密度脂蛋白反应性增高及血管收缩,从而引起血管损伤及血压升高。(2)增加血管内皮细胞粘附分子的表达[6],损害血管内皮细胞结构。(3)减少血管内皮前列腺环素的产生[7],使血栓素与前列腺环素比值升高,导致血液呈高凝状态及血管收缩。
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    三、IL-6与妊高征胎盘滋养细胞缺血的关系

    胎盘滋养细胞缺血是妊高征发病的又一学说。本实验结果显示,妊高征患者胎盘IL-6 mRNA水平明显降低。Kauma等[8]报道,妊高征患者胎盘产生IL-6能力下降,且这种下降可能出现在妊高征发病之前。因此,推测胎盘IL-6低值可能参与妊高征胎盘滋养细胞的病理变化。据报道,妊娠早期胎盘含有大量IL-6 mRNA[9],且蜕膜富含IL-6 mRNAR[10],故IL-6可能协同其它因子参与母儿相融和滋养细胞浸润过程;另外,IL-6还参与胎盘血管形成[5]。因此,胎盘IL-6低值导致滋养细胞浸入表浅及胎盘血管床形成障碍,而引起胎盘滋养细胞缺血。再者,IL-6具有抑制肿瘤坏死因子生成作用[11]。胎盘IL-6低下使局部肿瘤坏死因子生成增加,除引起滋养细胞损害外,还释放至血循环及羊水中,造成母体血管内皮细胞及胎儿生长发育障碍。而母血中高浓度的肿瘤坏死因子又刺激免疫活性细胞及血管内皮细胞产生IL-6。因此,血中增高的IL-6亦可能是继发的代偿性反应。
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    四、IL-6与妊高征胎儿宫内发育迟缓的关系

    IL-6即是免疫因子,又是生长因子,妊娠中晚期羊水出现IL-6,随孕周增加而呈增高趋势[12],推测羊水IL-6与胎儿生长发育有关。Silver[13]等证实,先兆子痫与IUGR时,羊水IL-6水平下降。本研究结果显示,妊高征合并IUGR者较不合并IUGR者胎盘IL-6mRNA及羊水IL-6水平显著下降。羊水IL-6可能来源于胎盘、蜕膜、羊膜,也不除外胎儿自身分泌。因本研究结果显示妊高征时羊水IL-6与胎盘IL-6mRNA呈正相关,因此,推测羊水IL-6水平下降,是妊高征胎盘产生并转运IL-6至羊水的能力下降所致。

    参考文献

    1 杨贵贞,朱迅.免疫生物工程纲要与技术.吉林:吉林科学技术出版社, 1991.3.

    2 乐杰主编.妇产科学.第4版.北京:人民卫生出版社,1996.113-121.
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    3 Vince GS,Starkey PM. Interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factors and soluble tumour necrosis factor receptors in women with pre-eclampsia. Br J Obstet Gynecol,1995, 102:20-25.

    4 Haeger M, Unander M, AnderssonB, et al. Increased release of tumour necrosis factor -alpha, inetleukin-l beta and Interlukin-6 with the syndram of hemolysis elevated live enzymes, and low platelet count. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1996, 75:695-701.

    5 Akira S, Taga T, Kishimoto T, et al. Interleukin-6 in biology and medicine. Adv Immounol, 1993, 54:1-78.
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    6 Gree IA, Iyall F, Perera T, et al. Increased concentrations of cytokines Interleukin-6 and interleukin-l receptor antagonisa in plasm of women with preeclampsia: a mechanism for endothelial dysfanction? Obstet Gynecol, 1994,84:937-941.

    7 Maruo N, Morita I, Ishizaki Y, et al. Inhibitory effectsof interleukin-6 on prostaglandin production in cultured vascular endothelial cells. Arch Biochem Biophys, 1992, 292:600-604.

    8 Kauma SW, Wang Y, Walsh SW, et al. Preeclampsis is associated with decreased placental interleukin-6 production. J Soc Gynecol Invest, 1995,2:614-621.
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    9 Kameda T, Matsuzaki N, Sawai K, et al. Production of interleukin-6 by normal human trophoblast. Placenta,1995,11:205-213.

    10 Maeda T, Yamagnchi M, Yaga J, et al. Decidua is a possible source of serum mouse soluble interleukin-6 receptor; gestational profile of serummsIL-6R concentration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1994, 205:998-1003.

    11 Aderka D, leJ M, Wilcek J. IL-6 inhibits lipopolysaccharide induced tumour necrosis factor production is cultured human monoeytes U937 cell and in mice. J Immunol, 1989,43:3517-3523.
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    12 Opsjin SL,Wathon NC, Tingulstad S, et al. Tumour necrosis factor interleukin-1 and Interleukin-6 in normal human pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1993,169:397-404.

    13 Silver RM,Schwinzer B,Mcgregor JA. Interleukin-6 levels in amniotic fluid in amniotic fluid in normal and abnormal pregnancies:preeceampsia small -for-gestation -age fetus and premature labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1993, 169:1101-1105.

    (收稿:1997-12-12 修回:1998-05-05), http://www.100md.com