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毛细管电泳与微透析技术在药物动力学中的应用
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     作者:杨海涛 王广基

    单位:

    杨海涛 王广基(中国药科大学新中新药中心 沈阳 210009)

    关键词:

    西北药学杂志000331分类号:R917 文献标识码:A

    毛细管电泳具有操作简便,分离速度快,分离效率高,重现性好,样品用量少,分析灵敏度高,可自动化管理等优点;微透析技术是利用微透析探针等技术对生物样品等进行透析,具有取样量小,可连续取样等特点.二者结合对于药物动力学研究十分适合。1 毛细管电泳 毛细管电泳(capillary chromatography,CE)是一种较新的分离和定量方法,只有40年的历史。CE具有不同于传统色谱的分离机制,而且有高效、快速、设备简单、样品处理相对简便的优点。CE的显著特点是可用于极少量样品的分离井可获得较大分离度。近年来广泛应用于分离生物样品,如核酸、氨基酸、多肽、蛋白质、碳水化合物等[1]。胶束毛细管电泳色谱(micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography,MECC)的发展使得CE扩展到了可对中性物质进行分离,并在手性分离方面成为与GC,HPLC相互补充且有较佳前景的一种手段[2]。2 微透析 微透析是一种在体采样技术,将探针植入透析部位(如脑、体液、组织等),小分于物质在浓度梯度的作用下穿过透析膜,进入透析液,而透析液不断被移走从而保持了浓度梯度。微透析方法用于药动学有许多优点[3],①可对清醒、自由活动的动物进行研究;②可以进行连续血药浓度测定,继而从药浓一时间曲线中获取更多信息;⑧由于失血很少,可对同一个体动物进行多次采样,尤其是小动物;④可长时间采样而不会因失血的生理变化影响其药动学参数;⑤可直接测定血液中非结合药物的浓度。以前,微透析被广泛应用于监测脑部内源性小分子神经递质(如多巴胺、组胺、乙酰胆碱、兴奋性氨基酸、α-氨基丁酸GABA等)以及一些神经多肽。在其他方面的应用,特别是在药物动力学中的应用是最近才发展起来的[4]。
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    收稿日期:1999-11-03, http://www.100md.com