1.6 苄苷类 benzyl β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyrano-side(186)；benzyl β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(187)；benzyl β-D-glucopyranoside(188)；淫羊藿次苷F2(icariside F2，189)^[26]。结构见图4。

    1.7 单糖及寡糖 D-山梨糖(D-sorbitol，190)[29，53]；α-L-鼠李糖-(1→4)-O-β-D-葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-葡萄糖苷和它的异构体(191 ......