甘草药材生产区划研究(1)
[摘要] 通过走访和实地调查，收集乌拉尔甘草在全国的采样信息。以乌拉尔甘草药材生产区46个采样点为分析基点，分析乌拉尔甘草中甘草苷、甘草酸、总黄酮含量，综合气候、地形等相关生态因子，利用GIS技术和最大信息熵模型分析其适宜性分布。应用SPSS构建乌拉尔甘草有效成分与环境因子之间的关系模型，采用ArcGIS 软件空间计算方法进行乌拉尔甘草品质区划。研究结果显示影响乌拉尔甘草适宜性分布的主要生态因子为7月平均气温，土壤亚类，12月降水量，植被类型和温度季节性变化的标准差等5个生态因子，这与甘草喜光照充足、降雨量少、夏季酷热、昼夜温差大，适宜于分布在北温带的平原、山区的生活习性基本一致。此外，以甘草苷、甘草酸、总黄酮成分为指标的乌拉尔甘草品质区划结果还提供了其品质适宜分布区，为开展乌拉尔甘草合理引种栽培提供了科学依据。
[关键词] 乌拉尔甘草； 生产区划； 最大信息熵模型； 生态因子； 生态适宜性；ArcGIS
[Abstract] The distribution information of Glycyrrhiza uralensis was collected by interview investigation and field survey， and 46 related environmental factors were collected， some kinds of functional chemical constituents of G.uralensis were analyzed. Integrated climate， topography and other related ecological factors， the habitat suitability study was conducted based on Arc geographic information system(ArcGIS)，and maximum entropy model. The AUC of ROC curve was both above 0.95， indicating that the predictive results with the maximum model were highly precise. The results showed that 5 major ecological factors have obvious influence on ecology suitability distributions of G. uralensis， including July average temperature， soil sub category， Dec precipitation， vegetation types and standard deviation of seasonal variation in temperature， et al. It is suitable for the living habits of the G. uralensis， adequate light， low rainfall， summer heat and large temperature difference between day and night， which is suitable for distribution in the northern temperate plains and mountains. In addition， the ecological suitability regionalization based on the chemical constituents of G.uralensis also provides a new suitable distribution area other than the traditional distribution area， which provides a scientific basis for the reasonable introduction of G.uralensis.
[Key words] Glycyrrhiza uralensis； production regionalization； maximum entropy model(MaxEnt model)； ecological factors； ecology suitability； ArcGIS
doi：10.4268/cjcmm20161702
甘草是一味重要的大宗药材，别名国老、灵通等，为豆科植物甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.(也称乌拉尔甘草)、胀果甘草G. inflata Bat. 或光果甘草G. glabra L. 的干燥根及根茎[1]。春秋二季采挖，除去须根，晒干。其性味甘平，归心、肺、脾、胃经，具有补脾益气、清热解毒、祛痰止咳、缓急止痛、调和诸药的功效[2]；主要用于脾胃虚弱、倦怠乏力、心悸气短、咳嗽痰多、脘腹和四肢挛急疼痛、痈肿疮毒、缓解药物毒性和烈性[3]。现代研究表明，甘草主要活性成分是三萜皂苷和黄酮类化合物，具有抗溃疡、抗炎、解痉、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗癌、抗抑郁、保肝、祛痰和增强记忆力等多种药理活性[4]。
“十方九草”，由于甘草具有多种功效，其用量巨大。在我国北方地区，宁夏、内蒙古、甘肃、新疆、陕西、山西，产区最为集中，兼有青海、河北、东北三省等地有零星分布[5-6]。全国有甘草分布的地区均在大力发展甘草产业，试图通过甘草种植发展当地经济。由于甘草的生长有其适宜的区划，其品质受产地生态环境影响显著[7-8]，而以往的研究只考虑单个环境因子对甘草酸、甘草苷和总黄酮含量的影响，所以现有的研究成果很难指导甘草人工种植基地的选取。 (王汉卿 马玲 王庆 董琳 丁锐 狄天云 李明 张小波 王英华)
[关键词] 乌拉尔甘草； 生产区划； 最大信息熵模型； 生态因子； 生态适宜性；ArcGIS
[Abstract] The distribution information of Glycyrrhiza uralensis was collected by interview investigation and field survey， and 46 related environmental factors were collected， some kinds of functional chemical constituents of G.uralensis were analyzed. Integrated climate， topography and other related ecological factors， the habitat suitability study was conducted based on Arc geographic information system(ArcGIS)，and maximum entropy model. The AUC of ROC curve was both above 0.95， indicating that the predictive results with the maximum model were highly precise. The results showed that 5 major ecological factors have obvious influence on ecology suitability distributions of G. uralensis， including July average temperature， soil sub category， Dec precipitation， vegetation types and standard deviation of seasonal variation in temperature， et al. It is suitable for the living habits of the G. uralensis， adequate light， low rainfall， summer heat and large temperature difference between day and night， which is suitable for distribution in the northern temperate plains and mountains. In addition， the ecological suitability regionalization based on the chemical constituents of G.uralensis also provides a new suitable distribution area other than the traditional distribution area， which provides a scientific basis for the reasonable introduction of G.uralensis.
[Key words] Glycyrrhiza uralensis； production regionalization； maximum entropy model(MaxEnt model)； ecological factors； ecology suitability； ArcGIS
doi：10.4268/cjcmm20161702
甘草是一味重要的大宗药材，别名国老、灵通等，为豆科植物甘草Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.(也称乌拉尔甘草)、胀果甘草G. inflata Bat. 或光果甘草G. glabra L. 的干燥根及根茎[1]。春秋二季采挖，除去须根，晒干。其性味甘平，归心、肺、脾、胃经，具有补脾益气、清热解毒、祛痰止咳、缓急止痛、调和诸药的功效[2]；主要用于脾胃虚弱、倦怠乏力、心悸气短、咳嗽痰多、脘腹和四肢挛急疼痛、痈肿疮毒、缓解药物毒性和烈性[3]。现代研究表明，甘草主要活性成分是三萜皂苷和黄酮类化合物，具有抗溃疡、抗炎、解痉、抗氧化、抗病毒、抗癌、抗抑郁、保肝、祛痰和增强记忆力等多种药理活性[4]。
“十方九草”，由于甘草具有多种功效，其用量巨大。在我国北方地区，宁夏、内蒙古、甘肃、新疆、陕西、山西，产区最为集中，兼有青海、河北、东北三省等地有零星分布[5-6]。全国有甘草分布的地区均在大力发展甘草产业，试图通过甘草种植发展当地经济。由于甘草的生长有其适宜的区划，其品质受产地生态环境影响显著[7-8]，而以往的研究只考虑单个环境因子对甘草酸、甘草苷和总黄酮含量的影响，所以现有的研究成果很难指导甘草人工种植基地的选取。 (王汉卿 马玲 王庆 董琳 丁锐 狄天云 李明 张小波 王英华)