免疫检测技术在中药质量快速评价中的应用(1)
[摘要]中药质量评价分为有效性和安全性2个方面，现有的中药质量评价方法以仪器检测方法居多，不能满足生产及生活中简单、快速、現场化的实际需求。免疫检测技术具有灵敏度高、特异性强、操作简单、检测快速、检测成本低、仪器依赖性低、易于现场化等优点，在临床检验、食品安全检测及环境污染监测等领域应用广泛。近些年来，免疫检测技术逐渐应用于中药质量控制领域，涉及中药有效成分的定量检测，中药有害物质检测，中药外源性污染物检测等方面。该文综述了应用较广的酶联免疫检测法和胶体金免疫检测试纸条技术的原理及在中药质量评价中的应用，该技术在中药质量现场快速检测中具有较好应用前景。
[关键词]质量评价； 快速检测； 酶联免疫检测； 胶体金免疫检测试纸条
[Abstract]The quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine can be divided into two aspects， effectiveness and safety. The existing methods for evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) are mostly based on the testing instruments， which can not meet the practical needs of simple， rapid and on-site in production and life. Immunoassay， characterized by simple， rapid， sensitive， specific， low-cost and high-throughput， is widely used in the fields of clinical diagnosis， environmental pollution monitoring， food safety testing， and other fields. In recent years， immunoassay technology has been gradually applied in the field of quality control of TCM， involving quantitative detection of effective components of TCM， detection of harmful substances in TCM， and detection of exogenous pollutants in TCM. This paper summarizes the principle of the wide application of ELISA and colloidal gold immunostrip technology and its application in quality evaluation of TCM， this technique has a good application prospect in the field of rapid detection of the quality of TCM. In this paper， the principles of the widely used ELISA and colloidal gold immune test strip technology as well as their application in quality evaluation of TCM were reviewed， and the results showed that this technique had a good application prospect in the field of rapid detection of the quality of TCM.
, http://www.100md.com
[Key words]quality evaluation； fast detection； ELISA； colloidal gold immune test strip
中药有效性和安全性是中药质量评价的2个重要标准。化学成分是中药发挥疗效的物质基础，其中又以指标性成分的含量高低作为中药质量控制及品质优劣评价的重要指标。近些年来，随着中药野生资源的大量减少，及基于对中药质量稳定性和可控性的需求，中药栽培品逐渐成为中药市场的主要来源。在中药的栽培管理过程中，农药的大量使用导致农残偏高，加上栽培环境污染或加工方法不当引起的重金属超标；存储不当引起的细菌、真菌污染以及中药中自身存在的有毒、有害物质均影响到中药的用药安全。
随着中药质量标准和消费者健康安全意识的提高，无论是生产者还是消费者都希望获得一种简单、快速、高通量、现场化的检测方法来评价所用中药的质量及安全性。目前，针对中药材的质量和安全性评价应用最多的仍是基于仪器分析的技术手段，如高效液相色谱、气相色谱、质谱、色谱-质谱联用技术等。仪器分析具有灵敏度高、精密度高、重现性好、易于标准化等优点，但无法满足简单、快速检测的要求。免疫检测技术是基于抗原与抗体的特异性反应而建立的，对抗原或抗体实现定性定量检测的方法。免疫检测技术具有样品用量小，操作简单，检测快速，检测成本低廉，高通量及易于现场化等优点。目前在中药研究领域中应用最多的免疫检测方法有适用于高通量快速定量检测的酶联免疫检测吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA)以及适用于现场快速检测的免疫胶体金试纸条技术(gold immunochromatography assay，GICA)。
1 免疫检测技术, 百拇医药(张波 南铁贵 孙晴 刘洪美 丁凤伟 王颖)
[关键词]质量评价； 快速检测； 酶联免疫检测； 胶体金免疫检测试纸条
[Abstract]The quality evaluation of traditional Chinese medicine can be divided into two aspects， effectiveness and safety. The existing methods for evaluating the quality of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) are mostly based on the testing instruments， which can not meet the practical needs of simple， rapid and on-site in production and life. Immunoassay， characterized by simple， rapid， sensitive， specific， low-cost and high-throughput， is widely used in the fields of clinical diagnosis， environmental pollution monitoring， food safety testing， and other fields. In recent years， immunoassay technology has been gradually applied in the field of quality control of TCM， involving quantitative detection of effective components of TCM， detection of harmful substances in TCM， and detection of exogenous pollutants in TCM. This paper summarizes the principle of the wide application of ELISA and colloidal gold immunostrip technology and its application in quality evaluation of TCM， this technique has a good application prospect in the field of rapid detection of the quality of TCM. In this paper， the principles of the widely used ELISA and colloidal gold immune test strip technology as well as their application in quality evaluation of TCM were reviewed， and the results showed that this technique had a good application prospect in the field of rapid detection of the quality of TCM.
, http://www.100md.com
[Key words]quality evaluation； fast detection； ELISA； colloidal gold immune test strip
中药有效性和安全性是中药质量评价的2个重要标准。化学成分是中药发挥疗效的物质基础，其中又以指标性成分的含量高低作为中药质量控制及品质优劣评价的重要指标。近些年来，随着中药野生资源的大量减少，及基于对中药质量稳定性和可控性的需求，中药栽培品逐渐成为中药市场的主要来源。在中药的栽培管理过程中，农药的大量使用导致农残偏高，加上栽培环境污染或加工方法不当引起的重金属超标；存储不当引起的细菌、真菌污染以及中药中自身存在的有毒、有害物质均影响到中药的用药安全。
随着中药质量标准和消费者健康安全意识的提高，无论是生产者还是消费者都希望获得一种简单、快速、高通量、现场化的检测方法来评价所用中药的质量及安全性。目前，针对中药材的质量和安全性评价应用最多的仍是基于仪器分析的技术手段，如高效液相色谱、气相色谱、质谱、色谱-质谱联用技术等。仪器分析具有灵敏度高、精密度高、重现性好、易于标准化等优点，但无法满足简单、快速检测的要求。免疫检测技术是基于抗原与抗体的特异性反应而建立的，对抗原或抗体实现定性定量检测的方法。免疫检测技术具有样品用量小，操作简单，检测快速，检测成本低廉，高通量及易于现场化等优点。目前在中药研究领域中应用最多的免疫检测方法有适用于高通量快速定量检测的酶联免疫检测吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay，ELISA)以及适用于现场快速检测的免疫胶体金试纸条技术(gold immunochromatography assay，GICA)。
1 免疫检测技术, 百拇医药(张波 南铁贵 孙晴 刘洪美 丁凤伟 王颖)