羌活人工栽培下生物量及元素积累动态研究(1)
[摘要]通过对原产地大田移栽定植后羌活实生苗开展连续3年的定期采样观测与分析，确定人工栽培条件下，羌活地上与地下部分生长动态与元素积累的季节动态与年际动态，揭示人工栽培条件下羌活的生物量和元素动态积累规律。结果表明：①移栽2年后羌活植株地下部分生物量干重增加32倍，而第1年和第3年仅分别增加6倍和2倍，由此说明人工栽培羌活的产量关键是在移栽后第1年和第2年，缩短移栽后的恢复生长时间有利于缩短生产周期和提高产量。②移栽第1年和第2年羌活地下部分元素累积量呈稳定增长状态，第3年生长季节前期急剧下降，而后到7—8月再超过第2年秋季的积累量。③不论是对于地下部分增重还是地上部分生长，钙(Ca)、铁(Fe)、硼(B)和锌(Zn)均是羌活栽培后期(第2年和第3年)需求量较大的重要营养元素。该结果将为实现羌活的人工栽培技术规范制定以及专用肥配制等提供理论依据。
[关键词]羌活； 药用植物栽培； 生物量动态； 元素积累； 需肥规律
[Abstract]In this study，field cultivation experiments of Notopterygium incisum had been carried out for three years， and samples had been collected monthly during growth seasons， and biomass and nutrient elements of aerial and underground part of sampled plants had been determined to assess their seasonal and interannual dynamics respectively The results showed that biomass of underground part (dry weight) increased mainly in the second year after seedling transplanting， ie， biomass increased about 32 times in the second year whilst less than 6 times and 2 times in the first year and in the third year， respectively Therefore， efforts for yield improvement should be focused on the first two year in artificial cultivation of N incisum Accumulation of nutrient elements increased steady in the underground part during the first and second year， then showed a sharp decline in the first phase of growth season in the third year， while its accumulation in July to August of third year was higher than the value of second year Ca， Fe， B and Zn were larger demand nutrient elements to meet growth demands whether for the underground part or aerial part during the second year and third year for N incisum cultivation This result provided instructional guidance and scientific basis for artificial cultivation and specific fertilizer of N incisum
, 百拇医药
[Key words]Notopterygium incisum； cultivation of medicinal plant； biomass dynamics； nutrients accumulation； nutrients demand of medicinal plant
羌活Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix是伞形科多年生药材[1]，是中藏羌药中最常用的药材之一，以根状茎及根入药，主治感冒风湿、发热头痛、皮肤瘙痒、风水浮肿、痈疽疮毒等症[2]。近年来，随着国内外对羌活需求量的增加，供需矛盾日益尖锐，大量掠夺式的采挖使羌活野生资源濒临枯竭[34]。眾多有识之士意识到，开展羌活规模化的人工种植是缓解这一矛盾的唯一可靠途径。但是，由于对羌活的生长规律缺乏了解，生长周期长、产量低的技术瓶颈难以突破，影响药农的积极性，严重制约了羌活人工产业化种植的进程。目前，学者较关注羌活和宽叶羌活的人工栽培技术[59]、田间施肥管理[1011]对药材质量和产量和影响，鲜有报道人工栽培过程羌活生物量和养分需求方面的报道。本文通过对羌活一年生实生苗在原生地进行大田人工栽培，并连续3年对生长过程进行观测和连续采样予以分析，旨在揭示羌活在人工栽培条件下的生长规律及元素动态积累规律，为实现羌活的人工栽培技术规范制定以及专用肥配制等提供理论依据。
1材料与方法
11实验地概况定位观测采样实验在位于四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州小金县两河乡大板村的羌活人工栽培实验示范基地进行。基地为位于亚高山针叶林下缘河边的平坦耕作旱地，面积约2 hm2，土壤为山地棕色针叶林土，海拔3 263 m，E 102°2522′，N 31°3248′，年均温度122 ℃，无霜期220 d，地势平整开阔。选择环境条件基本一致的田块，起垄设置6个样区，样区大小为2 m×4 m，样区间沟宽02 m。, 百拇医药(蒋舜媛 秦纪洪 孙辉 王红兰 万凌云 周毅 王敏)
[关键词]羌活； 药用植物栽培； 生物量动态； 元素积累； 需肥规律
[Abstract]In this study，field cultivation experiments of Notopterygium incisum had been carried out for three years， and samples had been collected monthly during growth seasons， and biomass and nutrient elements of aerial and underground part of sampled plants had been determined to assess their seasonal and interannual dynamics respectively The results showed that biomass of underground part (dry weight) increased mainly in the second year after seedling transplanting， ie， biomass increased about 32 times in the second year whilst less than 6 times and 2 times in the first year and in the third year， respectively Therefore， efforts for yield improvement should be focused on the first two year in artificial cultivation of N incisum Accumulation of nutrient elements increased steady in the underground part during the first and second year， then showed a sharp decline in the first phase of growth season in the third year， while its accumulation in July to August of third year was higher than the value of second year Ca， Fe， B and Zn were larger demand nutrient elements to meet growth demands whether for the underground part or aerial part during the second year and third year for N incisum cultivation This result provided instructional guidance and scientific basis for artificial cultivation and specific fertilizer of N incisum
, 百拇医药
[Key words]Notopterygium incisum； cultivation of medicinal plant； biomass dynamics； nutrients accumulation； nutrients demand of medicinal plant
羌活Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix是伞形科多年生药材[1]，是中藏羌药中最常用的药材之一，以根状茎及根入药，主治感冒风湿、发热头痛、皮肤瘙痒、风水浮肿、痈疽疮毒等症[2]。近年来，随着国内外对羌活需求量的增加，供需矛盾日益尖锐，大量掠夺式的采挖使羌活野生资源濒临枯竭[34]。眾多有识之士意识到，开展羌活规模化的人工种植是缓解这一矛盾的唯一可靠途径。但是，由于对羌活的生长规律缺乏了解，生长周期长、产量低的技术瓶颈难以突破，影响药农的积极性，严重制约了羌活人工产业化种植的进程。目前，学者较关注羌活和宽叶羌活的人工栽培技术[59]、田间施肥管理[1011]对药材质量和产量和影响，鲜有报道人工栽培过程羌活生物量和养分需求方面的报道。本文通过对羌活一年生实生苗在原生地进行大田人工栽培，并连续3年对生长过程进行观测和连续采样予以分析，旨在揭示羌活在人工栽培条件下的生长规律及元素动态积累规律，为实现羌活的人工栽培技术规范制定以及专用肥配制等提供理论依据。
1材料与方法
11实验地概况定位观测采样实验在位于四川省阿坝藏族羌族自治州小金县两河乡大板村的羌活人工栽培实验示范基地进行。基地为位于亚高山针叶林下缘河边的平坦耕作旱地，面积约2 hm2，土壤为山地棕色针叶林土，海拔3 263 m，E 102°2522′，N 31°3248′，年均温度122 ℃，无霜期220 d，地势平整开阔。选择环境条件基本一致的田块，起垄设置6个样区，样区大小为2 m×4 m，样区间沟宽02 m。, 百拇医药(蒋舜媛 秦纪洪 孙辉 王红兰 万凌云 周毅 王敏)