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糖皮质激素治疗突发性聋的研究(1)
http://www.100md.com 2019年3月19日 《医学信息》 2019年第11期
     摘要:突发性聋为临床常见耳鼻喉科疾病,其具有起病急、病情复杂等特点,且听力下降程度、并发症随着病程增加而加重。突发性聋主要以听力下降、眩晕、耳鸣等作为临床表现,对患者日常生活和工作造成严重影响。目前临床对于该疾病的治疗方式较多,主要以经验性治疗和病因治疗为主,但多数治疗效果不明显。糖皮质激素为临床治疗发性聋的常用药物,其能够应用于多种疾病的治疗中,效果十分显著,且具有较高安全性。糖皮质激素属于一类甾体抗炎药物,在各项疾病的治疗中均有所应用。临床对于糖皮质激素治疗突发性聋的研究较多,但对于给药途径、用药时间、药物的选择仍未有明确标准。本文对糖皮质激素治疗突发性聋的研究作一综述,以期为临床治疗提供参考依据。

    关键词:糖皮质激素;病因治疗;突发性聋

    中图分类号:R764.437 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2019.11.015
, http://www.100md.com
    文章编号:1006-1959(2019)11-0052-03

    Abstract:Sudden deafness is a common clinical otolaryngology disease, which has the characteristics of acute onset and complex condition, and the degree of hearing loss and complications increase with the increase of disease duration. Sudden deafness is mainly caused by hearing loss, dizziness, tinnitus, etc., which has a serious impact on patients' daily life and work. At present, there are many clinical treatments for this disease, mainly based on empirical treatment and etiological treatment, but most of the treatment effects are not obvious. Glucocorticoid is a commonly used drug for the clinical treatment of hair spasm. It can be applied to the treatment of various diseases, and the effect is very remarkable and has high safety. Glucocorticoids are a class of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are used in the treatment of various diseases. There are many studies on the treatment of sudden deafness by glucocorticoids, but there is still no clear standard for the route of administration, the time of administration, and the choice of drugs. This article reviews the study of glucocorticoid therapy for sudden deafness in order to provide a reference for clinical treatment.
, 百拇医药
    Key words:Glucocorticoid;Etiological treatment;Sudden deafness

    突发性聋(sudden deafness)在临床又被称为突聋,主要是指人在数小时、数分钟或3 d内出现感音神经性听力损失,且存在2个相邻频率听力降低20 dB以上,患者通常伴有恶心、耳鸣以及眩晕等不良反应,不仅对患者正常生活造成影响,同时对患者学习和工作造成影响[1]。虽然该疾病具有自愈倾向,其在临床自愈率为30%~60%,但由于该疾病存在一定危害性,临床通常以早期治疗和积极干预作为治疗目的,该疾病发病机制十分复杂,诊治标准尚未统一,导致临床研究结果均存在较大差异性。糖皮质激素作为治疗突发性聋的早期治疗药物,对于不同类型的突发性聋患者,应根据其个体差异选择不同给药途径,比如静脉滴注、鼓室给药、口服等,并合理选择用药时间以及药物种类的选择[2,3]。本次研究对糖皮质激素治疗突发性聋的研究做一综述,以期为临床治疗提供参考依据。

    1作用机制

    临床对于突发性聋的发生机制尚未明确,可能与内耳微循环障碍具有密切关联。研究显示[4],突发性聋作为一种由多因素所致的疾病,其易出现内耳微循环血管痉挛、栓塞和出血,增加患者局部毛细血管扩张风险,同时导致其出血水肿和组织缺氧情况,多数患者伴有代谢紊乱。同时,还有其他因素介导内耳组织损伤,比如免疫机制、病毒感染以及耳蜗炎症等[5,6]。临床以改善患者内耳微循环障碍为治疗目的,但人体耳供动脉为迷路动脉,无侧支循环,一旦发现病变情况,不可通过其他动脉供血代偿,进而导致多数药物无法直达病灶部位,导致药效无法有效发挥。因此,治疗过程中应将血管及时疏通,有利于藥效直达病灶部位。, http://www.100md.com(王立英)
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