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全麻复合腰丛—坐骨神经阻滞在老年髋关节置换术中的应用价值分析(1)
http://www.100md.com 2015年12月1日 《养生保健指南》 2015年第12期
     【摘要】目的:探究全麻复合腰丛阻滞在老年髋关节置换术中的应用价值。方法:选取2013年1月~2015年1月我院诊治的72例老年全髋关节置换术患者,随机分成对照组和实验组,各36例,分别采用全身麻醉、全身麻醉复合腰丛阻滞,比较两组患者麻醉药物用量、插管前后HR、SBP、MAP等变化,同时分析两组患者术后清醒、拔管、躁动、疼痛及麻醉相关并发症发生情况。结果:实验组患者全麻药物诱导量及维持量均明显小于对照组患者,且有显著的统计学差异(P<0.05);实验组患者插管后5min、30min、60min、手术结束及拔管后5min HR、SBP、MAP较插管前基础值无明显差异(P>0.05),对照组患者插管后5min、30min、60min、手术结束及拔管后5min HR、SBP、MAP均明显升高,且有显著的统计学差异(P<0.05);实验组患者术后30min内清醒、拔管人数均明显多于对照组,躁动、疼痛人数均明显少于对照组,均有显著的统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论:较全身麻醉,全麻复合腰丛阻滞能维持患者机体的平稳,减少术后不适反应,更适合老年髋关节置换术。

    【关键词】全身麻醉;腰丛阻滞麻醉;老年患者;髋关节置换术

    [Abstract]: Objectives: To investigate the application value of anesthesia combined lumbar plexus block in total hip arthroplasty in elderly patients. Methods: 72 cases of elderly patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty from January 2012 to January 2014 were randomly divided into control and experimental groups, each of 36 cases, respectively. Patients of control group undergo general anesthesia while experimental group undergo general anesthesia combined lumbar plexus block. Observe the difference of the amount of narcotic drugs, intubation around HR, SBP, MAP and analysis postoperative awake extubation, restlessness, pain and anesthesia-related complications between these two groups. Results: The drug-induced anesthesia and maintain dosage of experimental group was significantly less than the control group (P <0.05).There was no difference of HR, SBP, MAP intubated after 5min, 30min, 60min or the end of surgery and extubation compared with baseline values before intubation in experimental group,while the control group higher (P <0.05); sober 30min, patients in the experimental group, the number extubation was significantly more than the control group, the restlessness, the number of pain were significantly less than the control group (P <0.05). Conclusion: Compared with general anesthesia, anesthesia combined lumbar plexus block maintain patient body smooth, reduce postoperative discomfort. It is more suitable for elderly hip arthroplasty.

    [Key word]: general anesthesia; lumbar plexus block; elderly patients; total hip arthroplasty;

    全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)在老年患者中较为常见,随着我国老龄化逐渐加剧,行THA的高龄患者甚至超龄患者逐渐增加。老年患者是手术的特殊人群,其生理条件及机体条件均不在多数手术的适应症范围内,因此对老年患者行THA手术时要确保其围术期的安全,这就需要在麻醉上进行特殊的处理[1-3]。随着全身麻醉的普及和发展,全麻逐渐成为THA手术的标准麻醉方法,但其带来的麻醉并发症会对老年患者造成不利的影响,外周神经阻滞联合全身麻醉越来越受关注[4-6]。本研究选取了我院72例老年全髋关节置换术患者,分别采用全身麻醉、全身麻醉复合腰丛阻滞,旨在探究后者是否更加适合老年患者,为今后的临床治疗提供参考。

    1 资料与方法

    1.1一般资料 选取2013年1月~2015年1月我院诊治的72例老年全髋关节置换术患者,根据美国麻醉医师学会(ASA)所有患者均为1~3级,且皆因创伤行全髋关节置换术。根据麻醉方式的不同将其随机分成两组,对照组患者36例,其中男性16例,女性20例,年龄范围(61~79)岁,平均年龄(66.7±11.8)岁,平均病程(3.9±4.2)月,平均体质量(72.1±20.3)kg,合并患有心血管疾病患者13例,合并糖尿病患者10例,合并慢支患者6例;实验组患者36例,其中男性18例,女性18例,年龄范围(60~80)岁,平均年龄(66.8±12.3)岁,平均病程(4.1±4.9)月,平均体质量(72.5±19.6)kg,合并患有心血管疾病患者14例,合并糖尿病患者8例,合并慢支患者5例。两组患者的年龄、性别构成、体质量、病程等临床资料相比无显著的统计学差异(P>0.05),具有可比性。, http://www.100md.com(吴刘萍 曹苏 芮骁)
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