护理干预对正畸固定矫治中牙龈炎发生的影响(1)
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[摘要]目的：探讨护理干预对正畸固定矫治中牙龈炎发生率的影响。方法：将接受固定矫治治疗的60例青少年患者随机分为实验组和对照组，各30例。实验组由专职护士采用语言、示范、文字教育相结合的方式，对患者及其家长进行口腔卫生宣教，并结合以随访、健康指导为主的家庭干预；对照组仅按常规向患者交待治疗中的注意事项，进行一般知识宣教。采用χ2检验统计学分析方法，分别比较戴固定矫治器3个月和6个月时牙龈炎的发生率。结果：戴固定矫治器3个月时两组间的牙龈炎发生率差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。戴固定矫治器6个月时实验组牙龈发生率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：通过有计划的专科护理干预，结合以随访、健康指导为主的家庭干预，对接受固定矫治的青少年患者实施口腔卫生宣教，有助于减少其在固定矫治中牙龈炎的发生。
[关键词]护理干预；固定矫治器；牙龈炎
[中图分类号]R783.5 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2011)05-0840-02
The influence of nursing intervention on the incidence rate of gingivitis for adolescent patients with fixed orthodontic appliance
FENG Jin-lan,WU Yu-hai,ZOU Hui,CHEN Xiao-ying,ZENG Min-hua,XU Yan-yan
(Department of Stomatology,Huzhong Hospital, Huadu District,Guangzhou 510800,Guangdong,China)
Abstract: Objective To investigate the influence of nursing intervention on the incidence rate of gingivitis for adolescent patients with fixed orthodontic appliance. Methods Divided 60 adolescent patients who had accepted fixed orthodontic appliance into the experimental group(30 cases) and the control group(30 cases) randomly. In the experimental group,Nursing intervention was supplied to patients and their parents, while in the control group,only traditional nursing methods were used. The differences of the incidence rate of gingivitis between the two groups were analysed by chi square test at 3th and 6th month after the fixed orthodontic appliance was accepted. Results There was no difference in the incidence rate of gingivitis at 3th month (P>0.05).While the incidence rate of gingivitis in the control group was significantly higher than that in the experimental group at 6th month (P<0.05). Conclusion Nursing intervention can decline the incidence rate of gingivitis for adolescent patients who have accepted fixed orthodontic appliance effectively.
Key words:nursing intervention;fixed orthodontic appliance;gingivitis
错牙合畸形是儿童在生长发育过程中由于遗传因素和环境因素如疾病、营养不良、内分泌紊乱等因素影响，妨碍了儿童全身和牙牙合、颌面的正常生长发育，形成的牙颌面发育畸形。随着人民生活水平的提高，对口腔健康、美观的要求越来越高，正畸矫正治疗得到极大的普及，固定矫治器的应用也越来越普遍，但矫治器的托槽、带环及弓丝对牙龈的持续刺激，以及患者口腔卫生习惯不良等原因，导致牙龈炎症及牙釉质脱矿的问题也较为常见。该问题已越来越受到临床关注[1-2]。在正畸治疗前和治疗过程中，制定合理有效的口腔护理措施，调动患者的主观能动性，自觉有效地维护口腔卫生，预防正畸治疗过程中牙体和牙周疾病的发生。笔者收集了2010年在本院口腔治疗中心就诊，并接受固定矫治术的部分患者进行卫生宣教与家庭干预相结合的护理，收到良好效果。
1对象与方法
1.1 研究对象：选取连续初次佩戴固定矫治器的60例(男26 例，女34例)正畸患者，年龄12～18岁，平均14.5岁。要求患者均为恒牙列，无牙龈炎、牙周炎，无牙釉质脱矿和龋齿，排除氟斑牙和四环素牙，具有一定的口腔卫生习惯(每天早晚刷牙)的患者。
1.2 研究方法：研究对象随机分成实验组和对照组，各30例。实验组由专职护士按事先制订的护理计划，采用语言、示范、文字教育相结合的方式 ......
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