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护理干预对正畸治疗中牙釉质脱矿的影响
http://www.100md.com 2011年6月1日 冯金兰,陈晓英,邹晖,武玉海,曾敏华,徐雁妍
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     [摘要]目的:探讨护理干预对固定正畸治疗中发生牙釉质脱矿的影响。方法:将60例进行固定正畸治疗的青少年患者随机分为实验组和对照组,各30例。实验组由专职护士采用语言、示范、文字教育相结合的方式,对患者及其家长进行口腔卫生宣教,并结合以随访、健康指导为主的家庭干预;对照组仅按常规向患者交待治疗中的注意事项,进行一般知识宣教。采用χ2检验统计学分析方法,分别比较戴固定矫治器12个月时牙釉质脱矿的发生率。结果:患者戴固定矫治器12个月时实验组牙釉质脱矿发生率为5.13%,对照组牙釉质脱矿发生率为10.95%,对照组明显高于实验组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:口腔专科护理干预有助于减少固定矫治中牙釉质脱矿的发生。

    [关键词]护理干预;固定矫治;牙釉质脱矿

    [中图分类号]R783.5 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2011)06-0984-02

    The influence of nursing intervention on enamel demineralization in orthodontic treatment

    FENG Jin-lan,CHEN Xiao-ying,ZOU Hui,WU Yu-hai,ZENG Min-hua,XU Yan-yan

    (Department of Stomatology,Huzhong Hospital,Huadu District,Guangzhou 510800,Guangdong,China)

    Abstract:ObjectiveTo discuss the influence of nursing intervention on enamel demineralization in orthodontic treatment with fixed appliance.MethodsDivided 60 adolescent patients who had accepted fixed orthodontic appliance into experimental group (30cases) and control group (30cases) randomly.In experimental group,nursing intervention was supplied to patients and their parents, while in control one, only traditional nursing methods were used.The differences of the incidence rate of enamel demineralization between the two groups were analyzed by chi square test attwelfth month after the fixed appliance was accepted. ResultsThe incidence rate of enamel demineralization at twelfth month was 5.13% in experimental group,and was 10.95% in control group. The incidence rate of that in control group was significantly higher at twelfth month, there was difference in the incidence rate of enamel demineralization at twelfth month (P<0.05).Conclusion Nursing intervention can effectively decline the incidence rate of enamel demineralization for adolescent patients with fixed orthodontic appliance.

    Key words:nursing intervention;fixed orthodontic appliance;enamel demineralization

    固定矫治器以其高效性和精确性而成为目前正畸治疗的主要矫治器。但在正畸治疗的同时,由于矫治器及附件的存在,增加了口腔卫生维护的困难,导致口腔内环境发生改变,尤其是牙齿及其牙周组织的环境改变,就有可能出现牙周组织损害、牙釉质脱矿等不良问题[1]。国内外研究表明,在没有任何预防措施的情况下,正畸患者牙釉质脱矿的患病率高达50%~60%,正畸牙釉质脱矿的患病率达10%[2]。因此,在正畸治疗前和治疗过程中,制定合理有效的口腔护理措施,调动患者的主观能动性,自觉有效地维护口腔卫生,可以预防正畸治疗过程中牙釉质脱矿的发生。笔者收集了2010年在本院口腔治疗中心就诊,并接受固定矫治术的部分患者进行卫生宣教与家庭干预相结合的护理,收到良好效果。

    1资料和方法

    1.1 研究对象:选取初次佩戴固定矫治器的正畸患者60例(男22 例,女38例),年龄12~18岁,平均14岁。要求患者均为恒牙列,无牙龈炎、牙周炎,无牙釉质脱矿和龋齿,排除氟斑牙和四环素牙,具有一定的口腔卫生习惯(每天早晚刷牙)的患者。

    1.2 研究方法:研究对象随机分为对照组30例(758颗) ......

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