中西医“芳香疗法”发展路径的比较研究(1)
[摘要] “芳香疗法”起源于古文明——古埃及和古中国，最初都是风俗习惯和用药经验；随着中西方不同历史文化、不同哲学和医学的诞生，中西医“芳香疗法”产生了差异：中医“芳香疗法”被归入中医外治法的范畴——“香熏疗法”和“熏洗疗法”，其在药物种类、剂型、用法、理论等方面逐渐发展、成熟，并一直沿用至今；西医“芳香疗法”经历了提取植物精油、被化学合成精油取代、回归植物提取并开展临床研究的发展、成熟历程。中西医“芳香疗法”的差异归根结底是思维方式的差异：中医注重人体自身的完整性及人与自然社会环境之间的统一性和联系性；西医的还原理论将整体分成若干组成元素，再对各组成元素进行详细分析，追寻证据和本质。认识中西医发展路径之间的相似性与差异性，寻求两者的共同点和契合点，必将对中医学的开拓和创新带来突破。
[关键词] 芳香疗法；发展路径；中西医
[中图分类号] R244.9 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)10(a)-0093-04
[Abstract] "Aromatherapy" is originated from ancient civilizations - ancient Egypt and ancient China， which is originally used as customs and experiences in medicine； with the born of different historic cultures， philosophy and medicine in China and the West， Chinese and western "aromatherapy" becomes different： traditional Chinese medicine "aromatherapy" is classified into the category of external treatment of Chinese medicine - "aromatherapy therapy" and "fumigation therapy"， it has been developed and matured in the aspects of drug type， dosage form， usage and theory， and has been used so far； western medicine "aromatherapy" has experienced the development and maturity of extracting essential oils， replacing essential oils by chemical synthesis， returning plant extracts and carrying out clinical research. There are such academic differences between Chinese medicine and western medicine "aromatherapy". In the final analysis， they are the differences of thinking patterns： the traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the integrity of the body itself， and the unity and connection between human， nature and social environment； however， the reduction theory of western medicine divides the whole into several elements， and then makes a detailed analysis of the elements in order to trace the evidence and essence. To understand the similarity and difference of medical development paths between Chinese and western， and to seek common ground and fit points between them will bring about breakthroughs in the development and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine.
[Key words] Aromatherapy； Development history； Chinese and western medicine
人類使用芳香植物防治疾病的历史可以追溯至公元前4500年，最初的“芳香疗法”萌芽于古埃及和古中国等文明古国，经历各阶段发展到19、20世纪才分别在中国和欧洲成熟并被人们广泛应用。因中西方“芳香疗法”是在不同的历史文化背景下产生的，二者从哲学基础、科学理论到临床诊疗思维模式，都形成了各自不同的特点。
“芳香疗法”一词来源于欧洲，中国没有“芳香疗法”这一称谓，按照西方“芳香疗法”的定义，即指中国古代的“熏蒸疗法”或“熏洗疗法”，它属于中医外治法的范畴。西方的“芳疗”是指经严格训练的芳香师在考虑人的身体和心理的需求，并结合日常生活、饮食习惯、人际关系等诸因素的基础上，以整体论为哲学指导，以萃取自芳香植物的精油为物质基础，以特殊的推拿方法为主要途经，在和缓、轻柔、唯美、优雅的氛围中帮助人体恢复身体、心理、心灵健康的补充疗法[1]。中国的“熏蒸疗法”是指在中医理论的指导下，选配一定的中药材，经过不同的方式，或加工制成中药液进行全身、半身或局部熏洗，或点燃某些芳香药物进行熏燎等，以调和气血，平衡脏腑功能，实现治疗疾病、强身健体和美容养颜的一种透皮外治方法[2-3]。比较中西方“芳香疗法”的发展路径，认识中西方医学发展路径的差异，寻求两者的共同点和契合点，吸纳现代科学先进的方法和手段，无疑将拓宽中医学的发展空间，特别是为中医学尽早成为世界主流医学提供重要的支撑。, http://www.100md.com(李芷悦 李峰 张煜)
[关键词] 芳香疗法；发展路径；中西医
[中图分类号] R244.9 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)10(a)-0093-04
[Abstract] "Aromatherapy" is originated from ancient civilizations - ancient Egypt and ancient China， which is originally used as customs and experiences in medicine； with the born of different historic cultures， philosophy and medicine in China and the West， Chinese and western "aromatherapy" becomes different： traditional Chinese medicine "aromatherapy" is classified into the category of external treatment of Chinese medicine - "aromatherapy therapy" and "fumigation therapy"， it has been developed and matured in the aspects of drug type， dosage form， usage and theory， and has been used so far； western medicine "aromatherapy" has experienced the development and maturity of extracting essential oils， replacing essential oils by chemical synthesis， returning plant extracts and carrying out clinical research. There are such academic differences between Chinese medicine and western medicine "aromatherapy". In the final analysis， they are the differences of thinking patterns： the traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the integrity of the body itself， and the unity and connection between human， nature and social environment； however， the reduction theory of western medicine divides the whole into several elements， and then makes a detailed analysis of the elements in order to trace the evidence and essence. To understand the similarity and difference of medical development paths between Chinese and western， and to seek common ground and fit points between them will bring about breakthroughs in the development and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine.
[Key words] Aromatherapy； Development history； Chinese and western medicine
人類使用芳香植物防治疾病的历史可以追溯至公元前4500年，最初的“芳香疗法”萌芽于古埃及和古中国等文明古国，经历各阶段发展到19、20世纪才分别在中国和欧洲成熟并被人们广泛应用。因中西方“芳香疗法”是在不同的历史文化背景下产生的，二者从哲学基础、科学理论到临床诊疗思维模式，都形成了各自不同的特点。
“芳香疗法”一词来源于欧洲，中国没有“芳香疗法”这一称谓，按照西方“芳香疗法”的定义，即指中国古代的“熏蒸疗法”或“熏洗疗法”，它属于中医外治法的范畴。西方的“芳疗”是指经严格训练的芳香师在考虑人的身体和心理的需求，并结合日常生活、饮食习惯、人际关系等诸因素的基础上，以整体论为哲学指导，以萃取自芳香植物的精油为物质基础，以特殊的推拿方法为主要途经，在和缓、轻柔、唯美、优雅的氛围中帮助人体恢复身体、心理、心灵健康的补充疗法[1]。中国的“熏蒸疗法”是指在中医理论的指导下，选配一定的中药材，经过不同的方式，或加工制成中药液进行全身、半身或局部熏洗，或点燃某些芳香药物进行熏燎等，以调和气血，平衡脏腑功能，实现治疗疾病、强身健体和美容养颜的一种透皮外治方法[2-3]。比较中西方“芳香疗法”的发展路径，认识中西方医学发展路径的差异，寻求两者的共同点和契合点，吸纳现代科学先进的方法和手段，无疑将拓宽中医学的发展空间，特别是为中医学尽早成为世界主流医学提供重要的支撑。, http://www.100md.com(李芷悦 李峰 张煜)