儿科护士共情能力现状调查及其影响因素的研究
[摘要] 目的 了解儿科护士共情能力的现状并分析影响因素。 方法 采用便利抽样的方法，于2018年6～7月调查北京儿童医院集团内的全国多省市医院工作满1年及以上的注册护士，共3488名。对一般资料、杰斐逊共情量表(JSE-HP)中文版量表进行横断面问卷调查。 结果 儿科护士的共情能力平均(82.14±11.01)分，处于中等水平。工龄、学历与共情能力呈显著正相关(P < 0.05)。学历和工龄是护士共情能力的影响因素(P < 0.05)。 结论 儿科护士的共情能力处于中等水平，管理者需充分考虑护士自身中的多种因素对共情能力的影响，并针对工作年限不同的儿科护士开展有关职业生涯认知和共情能力的学习与培养。此外，需要积极引导护士参加在职教育，不断提高学历和共情能力。
[关键词] 儿科;护士;共情;沟通
[中图分类号] R473.72 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)01(c)-0061-04
Study on investigation of the current situation of empathy ability of pediatric nurses and the influence factors
ZHANG Yalin ZHANG Saichun ZHANG Lin YU Yanli
Department of Nursing， Hangzhou Children′s Hospital， Zhejiang Province， Hangzhou 310014， China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the current situation of empathy ability of pediatric nurses and analyze the influence factors. Methods A total of 3488 registered pediatric nurses worked in hospitals of many provinces and municipalities for more than one year from Beijing Children′s Hospital Group were recruited by convenience sampling method. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was performed on the general information and the Chinese version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professionals (JSE-HP). Results The average empathy ability of pediatric nurses were (82.14±11.01) points， which was in the middle level. There were significant positive correlations between working age， education and empathy ability (P < 0.05). Education and working age were the influencing factors of nurses' empathy ability (P < 0.05). Conclusion The empathy ability of pediatric nurses is at a medium level. Managers must fully consider the effects of various factors in the nurses on empathy ability， while carry out learning and career cognition and developing empathy ability for pediatric nurses with different working years to cultivate. In addition， it is necessary to actively guide nurses to participate in on-the-job education and continuously improve their academic credentials and empathy ability.
[Key words] Pediatrics; Nurses; Empathy; Communication
共情能力指個体体会他人精神世界的能力[1]，同时也是人际交往中的核心技能[2]。护士的共情能力指护理人员能从病人角度来看世界，正确地感知自己和他人的情感波动，并能准确地领会和评估病人的情感状况，以满足病人的生理需求和降低病人心理痛苦的一种情感体验能力[3-5]。儿科护士是一个较为特殊的群体，每天接触天真顽皮的孩子，治疗过程需要具备足够的耐心、细心[6]。在实际工作中，尽管护士也想多关心患儿，多帮助患儿家属，然而却缺乏行之有效的沟通技巧。再加上繁忙而琐碎工作的限制，需要集中精力致力于护理工作[7]，不能从共情的角度，正确地感知患儿的心理活动与情感，真正做到“真情关爱，快乐服务”的服务理念。基于此，本研究探讨儿科护士共情能力现状及影响因素，以期为儿科护士的共情能力研究和相应举措的实施提供理论依据和参考价值。, 百拇医药(张雅琳 章赛春 张琳 余燕丽)
[关键词] 儿科;护士;共情;沟通
[中图分类号] R473.72 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)01(c)-0061-04
Study on investigation of the current situation of empathy ability of pediatric nurses and the influence factors
ZHANG Yalin ZHANG Saichun ZHANG Lin YU Yanli
Department of Nursing， Hangzhou Children′s Hospital， Zhejiang Province， Hangzhou 310014， China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the current situation of empathy ability of pediatric nurses and analyze the influence factors. Methods A total of 3488 registered pediatric nurses worked in hospitals of many provinces and municipalities for more than one year from Beijing Children′s Hospital Group were recruited by convenience sampling method. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was performed on the general information and the Chinese version of the Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professionals (JSE-HP). Results The average empathy ability of pediatric nurses were (82.14±11.01) points， which was in the middle level. There were significant positive correlations between working age， education and empathy ability (P < 0.05). Education and working age were the influencing factors of nurses' empathy ability (P < 0.05). Conclusion The empathy ability of pediatric nurses is at a medium level. Managers must fully consider the effects of various factors in the nurses on empathy ability， while carry out learning and career cognition and developing empathy ability for pediatric nurses with different working years to cultivate. In addition， it is necessary to actively guide nurses to participate in on-the-job education and continuously improve their academic credentials and empathy ability.
[Key words] Pediatrics; Nurses; Empathy; Communication
共情能力指個体体会他人精神世界的能力[1]，同时也是人际交往中的核心技能[2]。护士的共情能力指护理人员能从病人角度来看世界，正确地感知自己和他人的情感波动，并能准确地领会和评估病人的情感状况，以满足病人的生理需求和降低病人心理痛苦的一种情感体验能力[3-5]。儿科护士是一个较为特殊的群体，每天接触天真顽皮的孩子，治疗过程需要具备足够的耐心、细心[6]。在实际工作中，尽管护士也想多关心患儿，多帮助患儿家属，然而却缺乏行之有效的沟通技巧。再加上繁忙而琐碎工作的限制，需要集中精力致力于护理工作[7]，不能从共情的角度，正确地感知患儿的心理活动与情感，真正做到“真情关爱，快乐服务”的服务理念。基于此，本研究探讨儿科护士共情能力现状及影响因素，以期为儿科护士的共情能力研究和相应举措的实施提供理论依据和参考价值。, 百拇医药(张雅琳 章赛春 张琳 余燕丽)