川芎无公害栽培技术体系探讨(1)
摘要 川芎为著名川产道地药材，为临床常用中药，栽培历史悠久，但川芎在栽培过程中仍存在盲目引种、苓种繁育不规范、病虫害严重等问题，尤其农残和重金属镉超标问题一直未得到有效解决，严重响川芎产业可持续发展。开展无公害栽培技术研究是保障川芎产业可持续发展的有效途径之一，同时也是现阶段中药材生产的发展方向。本文基于课题组基地生产数据，结合国内其他基地成功经验及文献调研，构建了川芎无公害栽培技术体系，该体系包括基于GIS技术基地选址、土壤综合改良、良种的选育、合理施肥、病虫害综合防治等，为解决川芎镉超标问题提供了新途径，同时可促进川芎品质提升和产业可持续发展。
关键词 无公害；GMPGIS；土壤改良；良种选育；病虫害综合防治
Abstract Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong is one of the well-known medicinal materials located in Sichuan origin.It is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine commonly used in clinic with a long history of cultivation.However，some problems still exist in the production of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong，such as blind introduction and non-standard breeding of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong，serious diseases and pests.Especially，the problem of pesticide residue and cadmium exceeding the standard have not been effectively solved，which seriously affects the sustainable development of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong industry.The effective way to ensure the sustainable development of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong industry is to carry out the research of pollution-free cultivation technology，and it is also a developing direction for the production of traditional Chinese medicine at present.Based on the production data of base and combind with the successful experience of other bases in China and literature investigation，this paper showed the pollution-free cultivation technology system of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong.The system includes site selection base on GIS (Geographic Information System) technology，comprehensive soil improvement，breeding of improved varieties，rational fertilization，integrated control of diseases and pests，etc.It can provide a new way to solve the problem of excessive cadmium and scientifically guide the cultivation of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong without pollution，improve the quality，and promote the sustainable development of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong industry.
Key Words Pollution-free； GMPGIS (Good Manufacturing Practice)； Soil improvement； Cultivation of improved varieties； Integrated control of diseases and insects
中图分类号：[R282.2] 文献标识码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2018.12.004
川芎，原名芎藭，为伞形科植物川芎Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.的干燥根茎，《中华人民共和国药典(2015版)》收录[1]。始载于《神农本草经》，被列为上品，是著名的川产道地药材，具有活血祛瘀、祛风止痛的功效，为临床常用中药。据统计《中华人民共和国药典(2015版)》一部有227个成方制剂中含有川芎，占所收载成方制剂的15.2%，其对中药临床用药的有效性和安全性有重要影响。川芎除销国内市场外，还大量出口日本、马来西亚、新加坡、韩国等国家和地区。
川芎栽培歷史悠久，蜀地自1 500年前梁代陶弘景《本草经集注》已有川芎栽培的记载，明、清代成蜀地为川芎道地产区，此划分沿用至今。四川省都江堰金马河上游以西地区是川芎长期栽培集中地，直到20世纪70年代后才逐渐向南扩展到彭州、郫县、崇州、温江和新都，现主要分布于都江堰、彭州、崇州、眉山、新都等地。虽然川芎在云南、贵州、湖南、湖北、江西、甘肃等地都有栽培，但以“蜀川产者为胜”，是著名的川产道地药材[2-3]。道地产区独特的生态环境与栽培技术为川芎药材优质的品质提供基础和保障。但川芎在栽培过程中仍存在盲目引种、苓种繁育不规范、病虫害严重等问题，尤其农残和重金属镉超标问题一直未得到有效解决，影响川芎产业可持续发展。无公害中药材栽培技术研究是保障产业可持续发展的重要途径，同时也是现阶段中药材生产的发展方向[4]。本文基于课题组在都江堰示范基地生产数据，结合国内其他基地成功经验及文献调研，构建了川芎无公害栽培技术体系，可为无公害川芎药材规范化生产提供技术参考，促进川芎资源的可持续利用。, http://www.100md.com(梁乙川 刘思京 李西文)
关键词 无公害；GMPGIS；土壤改良；良种选育；病虫害综合防治
Abstract Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong is one of the well-known medicinal materials located in Sichuan origin.It is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine commonly used in clinic with a long history of cultivation.However，some problems still exist in the production of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong，such as blind introduction and non-standard breeding of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong，serious diseases and pests.Especially，the problem of pesticide residue and cadmium exceeding the standard have not been effectively solved，which seriously affects the sustainable development of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong industry.The effective way to ensure the sustainable development of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong industry is to carry out the research of pollution-free cultivation technology，and it is also a developing direction for the production of traditional Chinese medicine at present.Based on the production data of base and combind with the successful experience of other bases in China and literature investigation，this paper showed the pollution-free cultivation technology system of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong.The system includes site selection base on GIS (Geographic Information System) technology，comprehensive soil improvement，breeding of improved varieties，rational fertilization，integrated control of diseases and pests，etc.It can provide a new way to solve the problem of excessive cadmium and scientifically guide the cultivation of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong without pollution，improve the quality，and promote the sustainable development of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong industry.
Key Words Pollution-free； GMPGIS (Good Manufacturing Practice)； Soil improvement； Cultivation of improved varieties； Integrated control of diseases and insects
中图分类号：[R282.2] 文献标识码：A doi：10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2018.12.004
川芎，原名芎藭，为伞形科植物川芎Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort.的干燥根茎，《中华人民共和国药典(2015版)》收录[1]。始载于《神农本草经》，被列为上品，是著名的川产道地药材，具有活血祛瘀、祛风止痛的功效，为临床常用中药。据统计《中华人民共和国药典(2015版)》一部有227个成方制剂中含有川芎，占所收载成方制剂的15.2%，其对中药临床用药的有效性和安全性有重要影响。川芎除销国内市场外，还大量出口日本、马来西亚、新加坡、韩国等国家和地区。
川芎栽培歷史悠久，蜀地自1 500年前梁代陶弘景《本草经集注》已有川芎栽培的记载，明、清代成蜀地为川芎道地产区，此划分沿用至今。四川省都江堰金马河上游以西地区是川芎长期栽培集中地，直到20世纪70年代后才逐渐向南扩展到彭州、郫县、崇州、温江和新都，现主要分布于都江堰、彭州、崇州、眉山、新都等地。虽然川芎在云南、贵州、湖南、湖北、江西、甘肃等地都有栽培，但以“蜀川产者为胜”，是著名的川产道地药材[2-3]。道地产区独特的生态环境与栽培技术为川芎药材优质的品质提供基础和保障。但川芎在栽培过程中仍存在盲目引种、苓种繁育不规范、病虫害严重等问题，尤其农残和重金属镉超标问题一直未得到有效解决，影响川芎产业可持续发展。无公害中药材栽培技术研究是保障产业可持续发展的重要途径，同时也是现阶段中药材生产的发展方向[4]。本文基于课题组在都江堰示范基地生产数据，结合国内其他基地成功经验及文献调研，构建了川芎无公害栽培技术体系，可为无公害川芎药材规范化生产提供技术参考，促进川芎资源的可持续利用。, http://www.100md.com(梁乙川 刘思京 李西文)
参见：首页 > 中医药 > 中药专业 > 中草药汇编 > 中药大典 > 根茎类 > 川芎