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蝉拟青霉/黄芪双向发酵体系建立及成分研究(1)
http://www.100md.com 2018年6月15日 《世界中医药》 201812
     摘要 目的:建立蝉拟青霉/黄芪药材、黄芪药渣双向发酵体系,探究发酵过程中有效成分含量变化。方法:选取正交设计法对接种量、发酵温度、湿度进行优化,并采用硫酸-苯酚比色法、NaNO2-Al(NO3)3比色法及香草醛-高氯酸氧化法对发酵黄芪及黄芪药渣菌质中的多糖、总黄酮、总皂苷的含量进行测定。结果:药材菌质最优发酵条件为温度26 ℃,湿度90%,接种比例3 mL/5 g,药渣菌质最优发酵条件为温度26 ℃,湿度80%,接种比例3 mL/5 g;经发酵后,黄芪药材菌质中多糖、总皂苷含量略减少,而黄酮含量有所增加;黄芪药渣菌质中黄酮、皂苷含量均增加。结论:蝉拟青霉可对黄芪药材和药渣基质进行发酵,且发酵后菌质中有效成分的得率显著增加,增强了黄芪药材的药用价值,并为药渣的处理提供了新的思路。

    关键词 蝉拟青霉;黄芪;黄芪药渣;双向发酵;虫草酸;多糖;黄酮;正交设计

    Abstract Objective:To establish a bidirectional fermentation system of Paecilomyces cicadae/Astragalus membranaceus and Astragalus membranaceus residue,and to explore the content change of active ingredients in fermentation process.Methods:The inoculation amount,temperature and humidity were optimized by orthogonal design method,and the contents of polysaccharide,total flavonoids and total saponins were determined by sulfuric acid-phenol colorimetry,NaNO2-Al (NO3)3 colorimetry and vanillin-perchloric acid oxidation method.Results:The optimum fermentation conditions of medicinal fungus were temperature 26 ℃,humidity 90 %,inoculation ratio 3 mL/5 g.The optimal fermentation conditions of the residues of the fungus were temperature 26 ℃,humidity 80%,inoculation ratio 3 mL/5 g.The contents of polysaccharides and total saponins in Astragalus membranaceus were slightly reduced,while flavonoids content increased.The contents of polysaccharides,flavonoids and saponins in Astragalus membranaceus residue were increased.Conclusion:Paecilomyces cicadae can ferment Astragalus membranaceus medicinal materials and Astragalus residue,and the yield of effective components increased significantly after fermentation,which enhanced the medicinal value of Astragalus membranaceus,and provided a new idea for the disposal of residues.

    Key Words Paecilomyces cicadae; Astragalus membranaceus; Astragalus residue; Bidirectional fermentation; Cordycepic acid; Polysaccharide; Flavonoids; Orthogonal design

    中圖分类号:R283 文献标识码:A doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2018.12.057

    黄芪(Astragalus membranaceus)是我国用量最大的中药材之一,其活性成分包括黄酮、多糖、皂苷等[1],具有显著的免疫调节和抗氧化作用[2-3],在医疗保健领域应用广泛。研究证实黄芪的主要活性物质为黄芪总黄酮[4]。黄芪药渣中仍含有活性成分,目前药渣的处理方式主要是填埋、堆放、焚烧等,不仅造成环境污染,并造成了资源的浪费[5]。因此,亟需一种将药渣高效、无害化的处理方式。

    双向发酵是将药用真菌与中药材配伍发酵的新型中药炮制技术[6]。中药材经药用真菌发酵后,可获得一定的减毒、增效或扩用的效果[7]。蝉拟青霉(Paecilomyces Cicadae)是麦角菌科拟青霉属真菌寄生于蝉的若虫后形成的复合体,即为我国传统中药蝉花[8],其具有免疫调节和抗肿瘤活性[9-10],虫草酸是蝉拟青霉中的主要有效成分之一,常用作发酵虫草类真菌菌丝体中活性成分的重要测试指标。我们以蝉拟青霉/黄芪和蝉拟青霉/黄芪药渣为载体,建立双向发酵体系,以虫草酸含量为指标对发酵条件进行优化,并测定发酵过程中有效成分含量的变化,以期增强黄芪药材的药用价值,提高黄芪药渣的利用率,并为黄芪药渣的高效处理提供新途径。, http://www.100md.com(赵崇妍 杨芳 屈青松)
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