2018年版《国家基本药物目录》中成药部分含毒性中药应用分析(1)
〔摘要〕 目的 研究2018年版《国家基本药物目录》中成藥处方中含毒性中药的使用情况、功效应用及配伍规律，为中医临床安全合理用药提供参考。方法 对268个《国家基本药物目录》中成药处方中含毒性中药的处方及其使用频数、功效分布和配伍情况进行统计分析。结果 《国家基本药物目录》中成药部分含有“大毒”“有毒”及“小毒”的中药共计34种，占2015年版《中华人民共和国药典》中收载的83种毒性中药的40.96%。含毒性中药的中成药处方有86个，占比为32.09%，其中内科与外科用药含毒性中药处方数排序居前2位，分别占比18.28%、3.36%，功能多为祛瘀、止咳平喘、补益、清热，配伍应用较多的是半夏与苦杏仁，半夏与陈皮、茯苓、甘草配伍应用，苦杏仁与桔梗、麻黄、白芍等组方。结论 毒性中药在《国家基本药物目录》中成药部分应用频数较高，临床上使用时尤需谨慎，在联合用药时应避免重复给药。毒性中药的应用分析对于临床上合理使用《国家基本药物目录》中成药及保障患者用药安全具有较重要的意义。
〔关键词〕 国家基本药物目录;中成药部分;毒性中药
〔中图分类号〕R28 〔文献标志码〕A 〔文章编号〕doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2019.06.022
〔Abstract〕 Objective To study the use， efficacy application and compatibility law of toxic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the Chinese patent medicine in 2018 edition of National Essential Medicine List， and to provide references for safe and rational use of drugs in clinical practice of TCM. Methods The frequency of use， distribution of efficacy and compatibility of 268 Chinese patent medicines containing toxic Chinese medicine in the National Essential Medicine List was analyzed statistically. Results There were 34 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines which contain "great toxin"， "toxic" and "little toxin" in the part of Chinese patent medicine of National Essential Medicine List. It accounted for 40.96% of the 83 kinds of toxic Chinese herbs contained in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. There were 86 prescriptions of traditional Chinese patent medicine with toxicity， accounting for 32.09%. Among them， internal medicine and surgery ranked the first two in the order of the number of prescriptions containing toxic Chinese medicine， which accounted for 18.28%， 3.36% respectively. Most of the functions are removing blood stasis， relieving cough and relieving asthma， tonifying benefits， clearing heat. The compatibility is mostly Rhizoma Pinelliae and bitter Semen Armeniacae Amarums， Rhizoma Pinelliae and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae， Poria， Radix Glycyrrhizae， bitter Semen Armeniacae Amarums and Radix Platycodonis， Herba Ephedrae， Radix Paeoniae Alba， etc. Conclusion The application frequency of toxic traditional Chinese medicine in the part of Chinese patent medicine of National Essential Medicine List is very high. It should be carefully used clinically to avoid repeated administration of drugs in combination. Analysis on the application of toxic traditional Chinese medicine is of great significance for the rational use of traditional Chinese patent drugs in National Essential Medicine List in clinic and for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of drug use in patients., http://www.100md.com(项丽玲 白明 冯煜 苗明三)
〔关键词〕 国家基本药物目录;中成药部分;毒性中药
〔中图分类号〕R28 〔文献标志码〕A 〔文章编号〕doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2019.06.022
〔Abstract〕 Objective To study the use， efficacy application and compatibility law of toxic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the Chinese patent medicine in 2018 edition of National Essential Medicine List， and to provide references for safe and rational use of drugs in clinical practice of TCM. Methods The frequency of use， distribution of efficacy and compatibility of 268 Chinese patent medicines containing toxic Chinese medicine in the National Essential Medicine List was analyzed statistically. Results There were 34 kinds of traditional Chinese medicines which contain "great toxin"， "toxic" and "little toxin" in the part of Chinese patent medicine of National Essential Medicine List. It accounted for 40.96% of the 83 kinds of toxic Chinese herbs contained in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. There were 86 prescriptions of traditional Chinese patent medicine with toxicity， accounting for 32.09%. Among them， internal medicine and surgery ranked the first two in the order of the number of prescriptions containing toxic Chinese medicine， which accounted for 18.28%， 3.36% respectively. Most of the functions are removing blood stasis， relieving cough and relieving asthma， tonifying benefits， clearing heat. The compatibility is mostly Rhizoma Pinelliae and bitter Semen Armeniacae Amarums， Rhizoma Pinelliae and Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae， Poria， Radix Glycyrrhizae， bitter Semen Armeniacae Amarums and Radix Platycodonis， Herba Ephedrae， Radix Paeoniae Alba， etc. Conclusion The application frequency of toxic traditional Chinese medicine in the part of Chinese patent medicine of National Essential Medicine List is very high. It should be carefully used clinically to avoid repeated administration of drugs in combination. Analysis on the application of toxic traditional Chinese medicine is of great significance for the rational use of traditional Chinese patent drugs in National Essential Medicine List in clinic and for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of drug use in patients., http://www.100md.com(项丽玲 白明 冯煜 苗明三)