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下颔第三磨牙拔出术后疼痛的临床分析(1)
http://www.100md.com 2015年5月15日 《中外医疗》 201514
     [摘要] 目的 探讨下颔第三磨牙拔出术后疼痛的原因,并就疼痛原因提出预防措施。 方法 采用阶段性治疗方法进行对比,第一阶段随机选取80例下颔第三磨牙拔出患者作为对照组,分析其拔出术后疼痛原因,并依此构建拔牙术前难度评测模型,为后期拔牙术后患者疼痛症状临床干预措施的制定提供参考依据,第二阶段选取92例患者作为观察组,在拔出前对术后疼痛原因进行早期预测和评估,依此构建临床干预措施并在术后实施该措施。 结果 拔牙手术时间、拔牙难度、术后局部感染及女性月经周期均与拔牙术后疼痛密切相关;观察组患者术后疼痛程度和严重疼痛发生率均显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论 对行下颔第三磨牙拔出术患者采取术前拔牙难度评估,并制定相应临床干预措施,可有效地减少术后疼痛的发生。

    [关键词] 下颔第三磨牙拔出术;术后疼痛;临床分析

    [中图分类号] R59 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2015)05(b)-0022-02

    Clinical Analysis of Postoperative Pain after Mandibular Third Molar Surgery

    ZHANG Hai-liang

    Department of Stomatology, Zhengzhou People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, 450003 China

    [Abstract] Objective To discuss the cause and preventive measures of postoperative pain after Mandibular third molar surgery and preventive measures. Methods A phased treatment methods were used : in the first stage, 80 patients who received mandibular third molar surgery were selected as control group, and cause of postoperative pain was analyzed on the basis of which the preoperative evaluation model was established, so as to provide reference for the clinical preventive measures to reduce the postoperative pain of the patients who received extraction in the second stage;in the second stage, 92 patients were selected as the observation group, and early prediction and assessment of the causes of postoperative pain were conducted to construct clinical interventions.After operation ,the clinical interventions were performed. Results Surgical extraction time, extraction difficult, after local infection and menstrual cycle were closely related with extraction postoperative pain; postoperative pain and incidence of severe pain in the observation group were significantly less than that in the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion For patients undergoing mandibular third molar extraction surgery, preoperative assessment of the difficulty of extraction and appropriate clinical interventions can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative pain .

    [Key words] Mandibular third molar extraction surgery; Postoperative pain; Clinical analysis

    疼痛是临床上下颔第三磨牙拔出手术较为常见的一种并发症,造成拔牙术后疼痛的原因较多,疼痛的程度及疼痛的发作时间因人而异[1]。以往的文献未对拔牙术后患者疼痛原因进行具体分析和探讨,术后仅对疼痛症状给予针对性的治疗,对拔牙术后疼痛缺乏综合的术前评估,导致在术后疼痛处理上缺乏预见性[2-3]。该研究结合临床病例及前瞻性研究,对下颔第三磨牙拔出术后疼痛的原因进行探讨,并就疼痛原因提出预防措施,取得了较好临床效果,现报道如下。

    1 资料与方法

    1.1 一般资料

    该文采用阶段性治疗方法进行对比研究,第一阶段随机选取2012年9月—2013年5月就诊的80例下颔第三磨牙拔出患者作为对照组,分析其拔出术后疼痛原因,并依此构建拔牙术前难度评测模型,为后期拔牙术后患者疼痛症状临床干预措施的制定提供参考依据,第二阶段选取2013年6月—2014年9月就诊的92例患者作为观察组,在拔出前对术后疼痛原因进行早期预测和评估,依此构建临床干预措施并在术后实施该措施。对照组患者男44例,女36例,年龄19~56岁,平均年龄(36.8±3.9)岁,拔牙原因包括27例冠周炎反复发作、39例第三磨牙和邻牙出现龋坏、14例颞合关节功能紊乱等;观察组患者男47例,女45例,年龄17~60岁,平均年龄(38.1±2.5)岁,拔牙原因包括31例冠周炎反复发作、40例第三磨牙和邻牙出现龋坏、21例颞合关节功能紊乱等。术前医护人员对患者性别、年龄、牙齿龋坏和冠周炎病史、吸烟习惯以及女性月经周期进行详细询问并记录。两组患者性别、年龄及一般资料等方面无明显差异,具有可比性。, http://www.100md.com(张海亮)
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