医务人员职业暴露调查分析与防护对策(1)
【摘要】 目的：调查分析医务人员发生职业暴露的情况，探讨建立有效的职业暴露防护制度。方法：回顾性调查本院2012年10月-2014年10月42名医务人员职业暴露发生情况，对发生职业暴露的医务人员的基本资料、暴露时间、地点、暴露源、暴露方式、暴露发生的环节及医护人员有无防护等进行统计分析。结果：病区是发生职业暴露的高危科室，占54.8%；锐器伤是职业暴露最常见的原因，占83.3%；护士，特别是低年资护士是职业暴露的高危人群，占71.4%；暴露源以不明暴露为主，占47.6%，其次为乙型肝炎病毒，占23.8%。结论：医护人员由于职业的特殊性面临职业暴露的高危风险，就职时提前注射疫苗做好自我保护、医院院感科建立快速有效的监测报告机制、并加强高危人群的职业防护培训、暴露后及时处理伤口合理用药及暴露后按相关规定进行追踪均是降低职业感染的有效办法。
【关键词】 医务人员； 职业暴露； 防护制度
【Abstract】 Objective：To analyze the occupational exposure situation of medical staff and to explore the establishment of an effective system for the protection of occupational exposure.Method：A retrospective investigation was given to the 42 medical staffs with occupational exposure in our hospital from October 2012 to October 2014.Their basic information，exposure time and place，sources of exposure，exposure ways，link of the occurrence of exposure and protection measures were analyzed.Result：Wards were the high risk department for occupational exposure，which accounted for 54.8%.Sharp injuries were the most common causes for occupational exposure，which accounted for 83.3%.Nurses，especially junior nurses were the high risk group of occupational exposure，which accounted for 71.4%.Unknown exposure was the main exposure source，which accounted for 47.6%.Hepatitis B virus was the second exposure source，which accounted for 23.8%.Conclusion：Medical staffs are at high risk of occupational exposure due to the particularity of their career.Vaccination for self-protection before taking office，establish a quick and efficient monitoring report mechanism，strengthen the occupational protection training of high-risk population，timely deal with the wound，rational use of the drugs and tracing according to relevant provisions after the exposure are all effective ways to reduce the occupational infection.
, http://www.100md.com
【Key words】 Medical personnel； Occupational exposures； Protective system
First-author’s address：Guangxi Hydropower Hospital，Nanning 530219，China
doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2015.31.032
医务人员职业暴露，是指医务人员在从事诊疗、护理活动过程中意外被血源性传染病感染或患者的血液、体液污染了皮肤或者黏膜，或者被含有病原体的血液、体液污染了的针头及其他锐器刺破皮肤，有可能被感染的情况，以及吸入具有感染性的气溶胶或直接接触了传染性物质而暴露于某种传染源的情况[1]。职业暴露导致的伤害不仅直接影响到医疗质量，同时也严重危害医务人员的身心健康。艾滋病、肝炎等血液传播疾病是最具威胁及最常见的职业暴露伤害，在护理与诊疗的操作过程中一旦感染将严重影响个体的身心健康[2-3]。调查研究证实，健康的医务人员因职业暴露而患血源性传染病80%～90%是由锐器伤所致，被伤的医务人员80%为护士，给她们造成了很大的心理压力[4]。所以为了全面了解医务人员职业暴露的现状，降低其发生率，必须制定行之有效的防护对策。为了解本院医务人员职业暴露发生的情况，从而提出职业暴露的预防控制对策，现以本院2012年10月-2014年10月医务人员发生职业暴露的情况做回顾性分析研究，现具体报道如下。
1 资料与方法, 百拇医药(王文琴)
【关键词】 医务人员； 职业暴露； 防护制度
【Abstract】 Objective：To analyze the occupational exposure situation of medical staff and to explore the establishment of an effective system for the protection of occupational exposure.Method：A retrospective investigation was given to the 42 medical staffs with occupational exposure in our hospital from October 2012 to October 2014.Their basic information，exposure time and place，sources of exposure，exposure ways，link of the occurrence of exposure and protection measures were analyzed.Result：Wards were the high risk department for occupational exposure，which accounted for 54.8%.Sharp injuries were the most common causes for occupational exposure，which accounted for 83.3%.Nurses，especially junior nurses were the high risk group of occupational exposure，which accounted for 71.4%.Unknown exposure was the main exposure source，which accounted for 47.6%.Hepatitis B virus was the second exposure source，which accounted for 23.8%.Conclusion：Medical staffs are at high risk of occupational exposure due to the particularity of their career.Vaccination for self-protection before taking office，establish a quick and efficient monitoring report mechanism，strengthen the occupational protection training of high-risk population，timely deal with the wound，rational use of the drugs and tracing according to relevant provisions after the exposure are all effective ways to reduce the occupational infection.
, http://www.100md.com
【Key words】 Medical personnel； Occupational exposures； Protective system
First-author’s address：Guangxi Hydropower Hospital，Nanning 530219，China
doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2015.31.032
医务人员职业暴露，是指医务人员在从事诊疗、护理活动过程中意外被血源性传染病感染或患者的血液、体液污染了皮肤或者黏膜，或者被含有病原体的血液、体液污染了的针头及其他锐器刺破皮肤，有可能被感染的情况，以及吸入具有感染性的气溶胶或直接接触了传染性物质而暴露于某种传染源的情况[1]。职业暴露导致的伤害不仅直接影响到医疗质量，同时也严重危害医务人员的身心健康。艾滋病、肝炎等血液传播疾病是最具威胁及最常见的职业暴露伤害，在护理与诊疗的操作过程中一旦感染将严重影响个体的身心健康[2-3]。调查研究证实，健康的医务人员因职业暴露而患血源性传染病80%～90%是由锐器伤所致，被伤的医务人员80%为护士，给她们造成了很大的心理压力[4]。所以为了全面了解医务人员职业暴露的现状，降低其发生率，必须制定行之有效的防护对策。为了解本院医务人员职业暴露发生的情况，从而提出职业暴露的预防控制对策，现以本院2012年10月-2014年10月医务人员发生职业暴露的情况做回顾性分析研究，现具体报道如下。
1 资料与方法, 百拇医药(王文琴)