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慢性肾衰竭维持性血液透析患者死亡原因和影响因素分析(1)
http://www.100md.com 2017年7月15日 《中国医学创新》 2017年第20期
     【摘要】 目的:分析慢性肾衰竭(CRF)维持性血液透析影响因素与死亡原因。方法:选取本院2013年2月-2016年8月经维持性血液透析治疗的CRF死亡患者27例为死亡组,同期CRF行维持性血液透析治疗的存活患者31例为生存组,分析两组病情资料,找到CRF经维持性血液透析治疗的死亡原因及影响因素。结果:死亡组年龄、Alt、SCr、Hb、总感染例数(肺部感染、泌尿道感染、通路相关感染,其他感染)、总合并疾病(高血压、心源性病变、脑卒中、糖尿病)、泌尿道或气管插管等方面与生存组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),Logistic回归分析显示泌尿道感染、脑卒中、气管插管、肺部感染、年龄、心源性病变、糖尿病、泌尿道插管、通路相关感染为CRF维持性血液透析患者死亡重要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:CRF维持性血液透析患者致死因素主要为机体肺部、泌尿道或通路相关感染、SCr、Hb、Alt、气管或泌尿道插管、年龄、合并高血压、心源性疾病、脑卒中、糖尿病等疾病,而CRF维持性血液透析重要影响因素主要为合并脑卒中、高血压、心源性疾病、糖尿病、气管或泌尿道插管、年龄较高及感染,临床上应从这些方面加强管理,降低CRF维持性血液透析患者死亡率。

    【关键词】 慢性肾衰竭; 维持性血液透析; 死亡原因; 影响因素

    【Abstract】 Objective:To analyze the death causes and influencing factors in maintenance hemodialysis for patients with chronic renal failure(CRF).Method:From February 2013 to August 2016,27 died CRF patients adopted maintenance hemodialysis were selected as the death group,and 31 survived CRF hemodialysis patients were selected as the survival group.By analyzed the disease data of the two groups,look for the death causes and influencing factors of maintenance hemodialysis.Result:Age,Alt,SCr,Hb,total infection number(pulmonary infection,urinary tract infection,pathways related infection,other infections),total complication(hypertension,cardiogenic lesions,stroke,diabetes mellitus),tracheal or urinary tract intubation of the death group were significantly different with the survival group(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that urinary tract infection,stroke,pulmonary infection,age,cardiogenic lesions,diabetes mellitus,urinary tract intubation,pathways associated infection were influencing factors of CRF maintenance hemodialysis death patients(P<0.05).Conclusion:The main death causes of CRF maintenance hemodialysis patients are pulmonary infection,urinary tract or pathway-related infection,SCr,Hb,Alt,tracheal or urinary tract intubation,age, combined with hypertension,cardiogenic disease,stroke,diabetes and other diseases. The main influencing factors of CRF maintenance hemodialysis patients are stroke, hypertension,cardiogenic disease,diabetes mellitus,trachea or urinary tract intubation,oldness and infection,which should strengthen management,to reduce CRF maintenance hemodialysis patients’ mortality.

    【Key words】 Chronic renal failure; Maintenance hemodialysis; Cause of death; Influencing factors

    doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.20.029

    慢性肾衰竭(chronic renal failure,CRF)作为一种进行性腎实质损害,通常致病原因比较复杂,主要表现为肾脏产生严重萎缩,无法保持其基本功能,常见症状如酸碱失衡、全身系统均受累、内分泌失调、水、电解质紊乱等,俗称尿毒症,其发病率约万分之0.5[1-3]。临床上CRF常见的治疗方法为透析或肾移植,其中维持性血液透析为CRF最为常用的治疗方式之一,可明显提升患者生存周期。但因为CRF患者多数具有免疫功能障碍及营养不良现象,因而伴发院内感染的可能性更高。相关研究报道,我国维持性血液透析CRF感染者占全部维持性血液透析CRF人数的41.8%~63.7%,使患者生存质量下滑,致死率提升,且感染疑为CRF维持性血液透析主要死亡原因之一,更为完善的死亡原因与影响因素分析还需进一步进行[4]。为保障患者生命安全,本研究探讨CRF维持性血液透析死亡原因与影响因素,现报道如下。, 百拇医药(赵显琼)
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