四种鱼孕妇不能吃
美联社华盛顿消息 鱼类被广泛公认是健康食品，有些鱼还含有保护心脏的脂肪。然而，不同种类的鱼体内会积聚着不同量的汞，这是一种对人体有害的天然元素。
最近，美国食品和药物管理局提醒孕妇及计划怀孕的妇女，要避免吃鲨鱼、鲭鱼王、旗鱼及方头鱼，因为这四种鱼的汞含量可能会影响胎儿大脑的生长发育。
值得注意的是，金枪鱼因为所含的汞少而没被列入孕妇禁食范围。但有负责制定汞管理条例的人士认为，妇女们在怀孕期间吃很多罐装的金枪鱼也是不好的，有些地区已经限制孕期妇女每星期吃金枪鱼的量不要超过198克。
汞进入孕妇体内之后，可以破坏胎儿的中枢神经系统，造成宝宝的认知能力低下，有人认为每年受汞影响的儿童约有六万名。食品和药物管理局提出的警告主要是针对孕妇的，但这也提醒了母亲和幼儿注意不要过多食用前面提到四种鱼类。
, http://www.100md.com 不过，如果有哪位女士昨晚吃了旗鱼，现在也大可不必惊慌，因为吃这些鱼的危害在于汞的长期积累，偶尔吃一顿两顿是没什么大碍的。要保护未出世的宝宝的健康，目前最好的方法就是避免让吃这四种鱼类。
美国食品和药物管理局及美国环境保护机构的工作人员说，孕妇每周可以放心吃罐装金枪鱼、贝类及小海鱼。尽量吃不同种的鱼，不要集中吃一种，每周平均吃鱼量不要超340克就不用担心汞的摄入量。如果鱼中每一百万单位含一单位以下的甲基汞(汞在鱼体内的存在形式)，那就是安全的。鱼体积越大，甲基汞的量就越多，其中包括了从水中及其吞食的小鱼身上获得的甲基汞。
早在十年前，美国的消费者权益人士就已经建议美国食品和药物管理局要提醒孕妇小心汞。这是一个很容易对孕妇及儿童造成伤害的潜在因素。虽然美国食品和药物管理局已为公众的健康做出了诸多努力，但美国公众利益科研中心仍惊讶美国食品和药物管理局没把金枪鱼片列入注意范围。
美国食品和药物管理局拒绝透露罐装的金枪鱼中的汞含量，只是说鲨鱼中、旗鱼中、鲭王鱼的汞含量比新鲜的金枪鱼高出三倍，金枪鱼中汞的含量要远低于其他鱼。但是，金枪鱼片是用大鱼做的，不像金枪鱼罐头是用含汞量少得多的小鱼做的，因此公众利益科研中心的卡罗琳·史密斯·德瓦认为，应该督促有关机构重新修订孕妇食品注意事项。
, 百拇医药
海洋食品工业贸易组织美国国家渔业协会则质疑，到底旗鱼和其它种类的鱼的汞含量是否真的达到危害人体健康的水平，该协会表示会回顾美国食品及药物管理局的报告，审视它的公正性。
目前，美国食品和药物管理局所制定的汞含量的标准仍处于争论中。去年夏天的一项科学报导认为美国食品和药物管理局应遵循环境保护保护机构所订的条规，因为它们的标准要比美国食品和药物管理局的严格四倍，并包括金枪鱼，因此美国食品和药物管理局也开始考虑是否要改动它们的标准。
FDA: While Pregnant, Limit Fish
WASHINGTON (AP) - Pregnant women and those who might become pregnant should not eat four types of fish - shark, swordfish, king mackerel and tilefish - because they could contain enough mercury to hurt an unborn baby‘s developing brain, the government warned Friday.
, 百拇医药
But the Food and Drug Administration (news - web sites) rejected calls to also put tuna on the do-not-eat list, saying the other four types of fish contain far more mercury than tuna does.
Women who had swordfish for dinner last night shouldn‘t panic, stressed FDA food chief Joseph Levitt. The risk comes from mercury building up, not a single meal.
``It is not a one-dose problem. ... They should just simply stop eating it from this time forward,‘‘ Levitt said. ``We want to empower women to protect the health of their unborn child and the best way they can do that here is to avoid eating those four kinds of fish.‘‘
, 百拇医药
Fish is widely considered part of a healthy diet; certain types contain high levels of heart-healthy fats. But different types of fish can harbor different amounts of mercury, an element found naturally in the environment and also a pollutant.
Pregnant women can safely eat up to 12 ounces of any other cooked fish a week - from canned tuna to shellfish to smaller ocean fish, the FDA said. Eat a variety, not just one type. Don‘t eat more than 12 ounces of fish a week on a regular basis and the amount of mercury absorbed won‘t be worrisome, the FDA said.
, http://www.100md.com
When ingested in pregnancy, mercury can damage the central nervous system, leaving babies with slower cognitive development. Critics say up to 60,000 children a year may be affected.
The FDA deems fish safe if they contain less than 1 part per million of methylmercury, the form that builds up in fish. The larger the fish, the more methylmercury, absorbed both from water and from eating smaller fish.
Consumer advocates have pushed the FDA to warn pregnant women about mercury since the early 1990s.
, 百拇医药
``This is a significant potential health risk for the children of pregnant women. But it‘s easy to avoid,‘‘ said Caroline Smith DeWaal of the Center for Science in the Public Interest. ``FDA has taken an important public health step.‘‘
But she was surprised the FDA left tuna steaks - those from large fish, not the canned tuna made from little fish with far, far less mercury - off the list, and urged the agency to reexamine that advice.
, http://www.100md.com
If women binge on canned tuna during pregnancy, that could be a problem, too, contends Michael Bender of the Mercury Policy Project. Some states have urged pregnant women to limit canned tuna consumption to 7 ounces a week.
The National Fisheries Institute, a seafood industry trade group, questioned if the mercury levels in swordfish and the other species was really high enough to harm, saying it will review FDA records to see whether the warning was justified.
, 百拇医药
FDA‘s Levitt refused to say how much mercury the agency has found in canned tuna. But he said levels in shark, swordfish, king mackerel and tilefish are three times higher than in fresh tuna. Even critics admit levels in tuna are far, far lower.
But what level of mercury the FDA deems safe is under attack. A major scientific report last summer said the agency should follow Environmental Protection Agency safety standards that are four times stricter - a standard that critics contend do make tuna a concern. The FDA is considering whether to change its standard.
, http://www.100md.com
``While I am disappointed that the agency has not yet updated their methylmercury action level, this consumer warning is a step in the right direction,‘‘ said Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., who had pushed for the warning.
While Friday‘s warning was aimed at pregnancy, the FDA says it is prudent for nursing mothers and young children not to eat the four mercury-high fish either.
The FDA‘s advise was for commercially caught fish. The Environmental Protection Agency had added advice Friday for pregnant women who eat fish their family and friends catch: Follow state warnings about fishing from waters with high mercury levels. If your state doesn‘t issue such mercury warnings, limit locally caught fish to one 6-ounce meal a week as a precaution., 百拇医药
最近，美国食品和药物管理局提醒孕妇及计划怀孕的妇女，要避免吃鲨鱼、鲭鱼王、旗鱼及方头鱼，因为这四种鱼的汞含量可能会影响胎儿大脑的生长发育。
值得注意的是，金枪鱼因为所含的汞少而没被列入孕妇禁食范围。但有负责制定汞管理条例的人士认为，妇女们在怀孕期间吃很多罐装的金枪鱼也是不好的，有些地区已经限制孕期妇女每星期吃金枪鱼的量不要超过198克。
汞进入孕妇体内之后，可以破坏胎儿的中枢神经系统，造成宝宝的认知能力低下，有人认为每年受汞影响的儿童约有六万名。食品和药物管理局提出的警告主要是针对孕妇的，但这也提醒了母亲和幼儿注意不要过多食用前面提到四种鱼类。
, http://www.100md.com 不过，如果有哪位女士昨晚吃了旗鱼，现在也大可不必惊慌，因为吃这些鱼的危害在于汞的长期积累，偶尔吃一顿两顿是没什么大碍的。要保护未出世的宝宝的健康，目前最好的方法就是避免让吃这四种鱼类。
美国食品和药物管理局及美国环境保护机构的工作人员说，孕妇每周可以放心吃罐装金枪鱼、贝类及小海鱼。尽量吃不同种的鱼，不要集中吃一种，每周平均吃鱼量不要超340克就不用担心汞的摄入量。如果鱼中每一百万单位含一单位以下的甲基汞(汞在鱼体内的存在形式)，那就是安全的。鱼体积越大，甲基汞的量就越多，其中包括了从水中及其吞食的小鱼身上获得的甲基汞。
早在十年前，美国的消费者权益人士就已经建议美国食品和药物管理局要提醒孕妇小心汞。这是一个很容易对孕妇及儿童造成伤害的潜在因素。虽然美国食品和药物管理局已为公众的健康做出了诸多努力，但美国公众利益科研中心仍惊讶美国食品和药物管理局没把金枪鱼片列入注意范围。
美国食品和药物管理局拒绝透露罐装的金枪鱼中的汞含量，只是说鲨鱼中、旗鱼中、鲭王鱼的汞含量比新鲜的金枪鱼高出三倍，金枪鱼中汞的含量要远低于其他鱼。但是，金枪鱼片是用大鱼做的，不像金枪鱼罐头是用含汞量少得多的小鱼做的，因此公众利益科研中心的卡罗琳·史密斯·德瓦认为，应该督促有关机构重新修订孕妇食品注意事项。
, 百拇医药
海洋食品工业贸易组织美国国家渔业协会则质疑，到底旗鱼和其它种类的鱼的汞含量是否真的达到危害人体健康的水平，该协会表示会回顾美国食品及药物管理局的报告，审视它的公正性。
目前，美国食品和药物管理局所制定的汞含量的标准仍处于争论中。去年夏天的一项科学报导认为美国食品和药物管理局应遵循环境保护保护机构所订的条规，因为它们的标准要比美国食品和药物管理局的严格四倍，并包括金枪鱼，因此美国食品和药物管理局也开始考虑是否要改动它们的标准。
FDA: While Pregnant, Limit Fish
WASHINGTON (AP) - Pregnant women and those who might become pregnant should not eat four types of fish - shark, swordfish, king mackerel and tilefish - because they could contain enough mercury to hurt an unborn baby‘s developing brain, the government warned Friday.
, 百拇医药
But the Food and Drug Administration (news - web sites) rejected calls to also put tuna on the do-not-eat list, saying the other four types of fish contain far more mercury than tuna does.
Women who had swordfish for dinner last night shouldn‘t panic, stressed FDA food chief Joseph Levitt. The risk comes from mercury building up, not a single meal.
``It is not a one-dose problem. ... They should just simply stop eating it from this time forward,‘‘ Levitt said. ``We want to empower women to protect the health of their unborn child and the best way they can do that here is to avoid eating those four kinds of fish.‘‘
, 百拇医药
Fish is widely considered part of a healthy diet; certain types contain high levels of heart-healthy fats. But different types of fish can harbor different amounts of mercury, an element found naturally in the environment and also a pollutant.
Pregnant women can safely eat up to 12 ounces of any other cooked fish a week - from canned tuna to shellfish to smaller ocean fish, the FDA said. Eat a variety, not just one type. Don‘t eat more than 12 ounces of fish a week on a regular basis and the amount of mercury absorbed won‘t be worrisome, the FDA said.
, http://www.100md.com
When ingested in pregnancy, mercury can damage the central nervous system, leaving babies with slower cognitive development. Critics say up to 60,000 children a year may be affected.
The FDA deems fish safe if they contain less than 1 part per million of methylmercury, the form that builds up in fish. The larger the fish, the more methylmercury, absorbed both from water and from eating smaller fish.
Consumer advocates have pushed the FDA to warn pregnant women about mercury since the early 1990s.
, 百拇医药
``This is a significant potential health risk for the children of pregnant women. But it‘s easy to avoid,‘‘ said Caroline Smith DeWaal of the Center for Science in the Public Interest. ``FDA has taken an important public health step.‘‘
But she was surprised the FDA left tuna steaks - those from large fish, not the canned tuna made from little fish with far, far less mercury - off the list, and urged the agency to reexamine that advice.
, http://www.100md.com
If women binge on canned tuna during pregnancy, that could be a problem, too, contends Michael Bender of the Mercury Policy Project. Some states have urged pregnant women to limit canned tuna consumption to 7 ounces a week.
The National Fisheries Institute, a seafood industry trade group, questioned if the mercury levels in swordfish and the other species was really high enough to harm, saying it will review FDA records to see whether the warning was justified.
, 百拇医药
FDA‘s Levitt refused to say how much mercury the agency has found in canned tuna. But he said levels in shark, swordfish, king mackerel and tilefish are three times higher than in fresh tuna. Even critics admit levels in tuna are far, far lower.
But what level of mercury the FDA deems safe is under attack. A major scientific report last summer said the agency should follow Environmental Protection Agency safety standards that are four times stricter - a standard that critics contend do make tuna a concern. The FDA is considering whether to change its standard.
, http://www.100md.com
``While I am disappointed that the agency has not yet updated their methylmercury action level, this consumer warning is a step in the right direction,‘‘ said Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., who had pushed for the warning.
While Friday‘s warning was aimed at pregnancy, the FDA says it is prudent for nursing mothers and young children not to eat the four mercury-high fish either.
The FDA‘s advise was for commercially caught fish. The Environmental Protection Agency had added advice Friday for pregnant women who eat fish their family and friends catch: Follow state warnings about fishing from waters with high mercury levels. If your state doesn‘t issue such mercury warnings, limit locally caught fish to one 6-ounce meal a week as a precaution., 百拇医药