WHO InternatIOnal

    Standard termInOlOgIeS

    On tradItIOnal medIcIne In tHe

    WeStern PacIfIc regIOnWHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

    WHO International Standard terminologies on traditional medicine in the Western Pacific region

    1. Medicine, Traditional. 2. Terminology

    ISBN 978 92 9061 248 7 (NLM Classification: WB50)

    ? World Health Organization (2007)

    Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the

    Universal Copyright Convention. For rights of reproduction or translation of WHO publications, in part or in toto, application should

    be made to the Office of Publications, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, or to the Regional Office for the Western

    Pacific, Manila, Philippines. The World Health Organization welcomes such applications.

    The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion

    whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or

    area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.

    The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by

    the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and ommissions excepted, the

    names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.

    The authors alone are responsible for the views expressed in this publication.FOREWORD v

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vii

    INTRODUCTION 1

    GENERAL 9

    BASIC THEORIES 13

    Essential Qi Theory, Yin-yang Theory, and Five Phase Theory 13

    Essence, Spirit, Qi, Blood, Fluid and Humor 17

    Viscera and Bowels 21

    Meridian and Collateral 28

    Body Constituents and Orifices of Sense Organ 35

    Cause of Disease 39

    Mechanism of Disease 46

    Others 76

    DIAGNOSTICS 79

    Inspection 80

    Listening and Smelling Examination 87

    Inquiry 88

    Palpation 100

    Eight Principle Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 106

    Disease Cause Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 116

    Qi-Blood Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 124

    Fluid-Humor Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 129

    Visceral Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 130

    Various Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 146

    Six-Meridian Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 152

    Defense, Qi, Nutrient and Blood Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 156

    Triple Energizer Pattern Identification/Syndrome Differentiation 160

    taBle Of cOntentSDISEASE 162

    Internal Medicine 162

    External Medicine 177

    Gynecology and Obstetrics 184

    Pediatrics 189

    Ophthalmology 194

    Otorhinolaryngostomatology 198

    Orthopedics and Traumatology 202

    Others 202

    THERAPEUTICS 204

    Method of Treatment 205

    ACUPUNCTURE AND MOXIBUSTION 233

    Acupuncture 233

    Moxibustion 251

    Cupping 254

    MEDICINAL TREATMENT 255

    Medicinal 255

    Formula 264

    CLASSICS OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 271

    Internal Classic 271

    Cold Damage and Golden Chamber 271 ......