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    Myers' PSYCHOLOGY

    Prologue:

    The Story of Psychology

    Prologue:

    Psychology's Roots

    Prescientific Psychology

    * Is the mind connected to the body or distinct?

    * Are ideas inborn or is the mind a blank slate filled by experience?

    Prologue:

    Psychology's Roots

    Prologue:

    Psychology's Roots

    * Psychological Science Is Born

    * Empiricism

    * Knowledge comes from experience via the senses

    * Science flourishes through observation and experiment

    Prologue:

    Psychology's Roots

    * Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Liepzig (c. 1879)

    Prologue:

    Psychology's Roots

    * Structuralism used introspection (looking in) to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

    Prologue:

    Psychology's Roots

    * Functionalism focused on how behavioral processes function- how they enable organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

    Prologue:

    Psychology's Roots

    * Psychological Science Develops

    * Wundt--German philosopher and physiologist

    * James--American philosopher

    * Pavlov--Russian physiologist

    * Freud--Austrian physician

    * Piaget--Swiss biologist

    Prologue:

    Psychology's Roots

    Figure 1- British Psychological Society membership

    Prologue:

    Psychology's Roots

    * Definition of Psychology

    * The science of behavior (what we do) and mental processes (sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings)

    Prologue: Contemporary Psychology

    * Psychology's Big Issues

    * Nature-nurture controversy

    * the relative contribution that genes and experience make to development of psychological traits and behaviors

    Prologue: Contemporary Psychology

    * Natural selection

    * principle that those inherited trait variations contributing to survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

    Prologue: Contemporary Psychology

    * Psychology's Perspectives

    Prologue: Contemporary Psychology

    * Psychology's Perspectives

    * A lot depends on your viewpoint

    Prologue: Contemporary Psychology

    * Psychology's Subfields

    * Basic Research

    * Biological psychologists explore the links between brain and mind

    * Developmental psychologists study changing abilities from womb to tomb

    * Cognitive psychologists study how we perceive, think, and solve problems

    Prologue: Contemporary Psychology

    * Psychology's Subfields

    * Basic Research

    * Personality psychologists investigate our persistent traits

    * Social psychologists explore how we view and affect one another

    Prologue: Contemporary Psychology

    * Psychology's Subfields

    * Applied Research

    * Industrial/organizational psychologists study and advise on behavior in the workplace

    * Clinical psychologists study, assess, and treat people with psychological disorders

    Prologue: Contemporary Psychology

    * Psychiatry

    * A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders

    * Practiced by physicians who sometimes use medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychotherapy