中醫診斷學概要.pdf
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Brief Introduction for TCM
Diagnostics
中醫診斷學概要 Introduction: TCM Diagnostics includes two major
parts:
? Four Inspection Methods:
? Version Inspection;
? Auscultation and Olfaction;
? Inquiry;
? Palpation
? Syndrome Differentiation:
? Eight Essential Catalog Syndrome Differentiations
? Syndrome Differentiations for QI, Blood and Body Fluid Status
? Six-Channel Syndrome Differentiations
? “Zhu-Fu” Syndrome Differentiations
1. Essential Principles of TCM Diagnostics
? Integration inspections: According to TCM principles, diagnostics
should be made by integrating different parts of human body and
considering the potential efforts of environmental factors to disease
conditions.
? Combination of four inspection methods: By using four inspection
methods including version Inspection, auscultation and olfaction,inquiry and palpation, we can collect sufficient information for making
TCM diagnosis.
? Combination of Disease Diagnostics and Syndrome Differentiations:
TCM diagnostics are generally composed with two aspects: Disease
Diagnostics and Syndrome Differentiation
中醫診斷學的主要內容
1.診法：主要包括望、聞、問、切四種診法。
? 望诊：是察看病人的神、色、形、態、舌象以及排出物等，發現異常表現，以瞭解 病情。
? 聞诊：是通過聽病人的語言、呼吸等聲音及嗅病人發出的異常氣味，以辨別病情。
? 問诊：是詢問病人有關疾病的情況，病人的自覺症狀，從而瞭解病者的各種病態感 覺和疾病的發生發展、診療等情況。
? 切診：是醫生用手指觸摸切按病人的脈搏及胸腹手足等部位，以瞭解脈象和體表局 部的變化。
2.診病：即辨病，是對疾病的病種作出判斷，得出
病名的診斷。
3.辨證：
?證：證候是疾病某一階段本質的反映，它以一組
相關症狀反映該階段的主要病變，在一定程度上
揭示病因、病機、病位、病性、病勢，為治療提
供依據。
?辨證：在四診所提供臨床資料的基礎上，以中醫
理論為指導，把病人體質、疾病該階段特點及相
關因素等加以綜合考慮，通過理性思維，明確證
候的認識過程。
Chapter 1. Version Inspection
? Inspection of Shen (Vitality)
? Inspection of Complexion
? Inspection of Configuration, Constitution and
Gesture
? Inspection of External Parts of Whole Body
? Inspection of Tongue 全身望診
Holistic Inspection
內容：精神、面色、形體、姿態
意義：扼要觀察病人整體情況，以期對病
情、病性有一個總體印象
The holistic inspection includes four key
points: Vitality, Complexion, Configuration,Constitution and Activity 1.望神 Inspection of “Shen”(Vitality)
A.神的含義：指整個人體生命活動的外在表現(神就是 生命)；人的精神活動，如神志、意識、思維活動等 (神就是精神)；
B. 望神包括精神意識、思維活動、面色眼神、形體動 態、語言呼吸和對外界的反應等
Inspection of “Shen” includes consciousness, spirit, mind
status, psychological activities, complexion, eye
movement, respirations, responses and activities, etc.
望神的主要內容
望診時重點觀察兩目、神情、氣色和體態。
按神的旺衰和病情的輕重可劃分為得神、失神、少神、 假神、神亂五種。
“Shen” can be catalogued into (1) having vitality, (2) lacking vitality, (3) losing
vitality, (4) pseudo-vitality and (5) abnormal vitality
Four typing “Shen” (Vitality Statuses)
Having Vitality Lacking Vitality Losing Vitality Pseudo-vitality 2、望色 (Complexion Color)
3、望形體 (Body Shape)
4、望姿態 (Body activity)
5.舌診
Tongue Inspection Tongue Inspection:
? Tongue Proper Inspection
? Tongue Coating Inspection
舌診包括望舌質和望舌苔兩部分。
舌質又稱舌體，是舌的肌肉脈絡組織，舌苔是
舌體上附著的一層苔狀物。 (1) 正常舌象:淡紅舌 薄白苔。
Normal Tongues:
light-red and moistened color
Thin and write coating in the surface of tongue A、Tongue Proper Inspection
? 望舌體包括色、形、態 ......
Diagnostics
中醫診斷學概要 Introduction: TCM Diagnostics includes two major
parts:
? Four Inspection Methods:
? Version Inspection;
? Auscultation and Olfaction;
? Inquiry;
? Palpation
? Syndrome Differentiation:
? Eight Essential Catalog Syndrome Differentiations
? Syndrome Differentiations for QI, Blood and Body Fluid Status
? Six-Channel Syndrome Differentiations
? “Zhu-Fu” Syndrome Differentiations
1. Essential Principles of TCM Diagnostics
? Integration inspections: According to TCM principles, diagnostics
should be made by integrating different parts of human body and
considering the potential efforts of environmental factors to disease
conditions.
? Combination of four inspection methods: By using four inspection
methods including version Inspection, auscultation and olfaction,inquiry and palpation, we can collect sufficient information for making
TCM diagnosis.
? Combination of Disease Diagnostics and Syndrome Differentiations:
TCM diagnostics are generally composed with two aspects: Disease
Diagnostics and Syndrome Differentiation
中醫診斷學的主要內容
1.診法：主要包括望、聞、問、切四種診法。
? 望诊：是察看病人的神、色、形、態、舌象以及排出物等，發現異常表現，以瞭解 病情。
? 聞诊：是通過聽病人的語言、呼吸等聲音及嗅病人發出的異常氣味，以辨別病情。
? 問诊：是詢問病人有關疾病的情況，病人的自覺症狀，從而瞭解病者的各種病態感 覺和疾病的發生發展、診療等情況。
? 切診：是醫生用手指觸摸切按病人的脈搏及胸腹手足等部位，以瞭解脈象和體表局 部的變化。
2.診病：即辨病，是對疾病的病種作出判斷，得出
病名的診斷。
3.辨證：
?證：證候是疾病某一階段本質的反映，它以一組
相關症狀反映該階段的主要病變，在一定程度上
揭示病因、病機、病位、病性、病勢，為治療提
供依據。
?辨證：在四診所提供臨床資料的基礎上，以中醫
理論為指導，把病人體質、疾病該階段特點及相
關因素等加以綜合考慮，通過理性思維，明確證
候的認識過程。
Chapter 1. Version Inspection
? Inspection of Shen (Vitality)
? Inspection of Complexion
? Inspection of Configuration, Constitution and
Gesture
? Inspection of External Parts of Whole Body
? Inspection of Tongue 全身望診
Holistic Inspection
內容：精神、面色、形體、姿態
意義：扼要觀察病人整體情況，以期對病
情、病性有一個總體印象
The holistic inspection includes four key
points: Vitality, Complexion, Configuration,Constitution and Activity 1.望神 Inspection of “Shen”(Vitality)
A.神的含義：指整個人體生命活動的外在表現(神就是 生命)；人的精神活動，如神志、意識、思維活動等 (神就是精神)；
B. 望神包括精神意識、思維活動、面色眼神、形體動 態、語言呼吸和對外界的反應等
Inspection of “Shen” includes consciousness, spirit, mind
status, psychological activities, complexion, eye
movement, respirations, responses and activities, etc.
望神的主要內容
望診時重點觀察兩目、神情、氣色和體態。
按神的旺衰和病情的輕重可劃分為得神、失神、少神、 假神、神亂五種。
“Shen” can be catalogued into (1) having vitality, (2) lacking vitality, (3) losing
vitality, (4) pseudo-vitality and (5) abnormal vitality
Four typing “Shen” (Vitality Statuses)
Having Vitality Lacking Vitality Losing Vitality Pseudo-vitality 2、望色 (Complexion Color)
3、望形體 (Body Shape)
4、望姿態 (Body activity)
5.舌診
Tongue Inspection Tongue Inspection:
? Tongue Proper Inspection
? Tongue Coating Inspection
舌診包括望舌質和望舌苔兩部分。
舌質又稱舌體，是舌的肌肉脈絡組織，舌苔是
舌體上附著的一層苔狀物。 (1) 正常舌象:淡紅舌 薄白苔。
Normal Tongues:
light-red and moistened color
Thin and write coating in the surface of tongue A、Tongue Proper Inspection
? 望舌體包括色、形、態 ......
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