溃疡性结肠炎的非手术治疗进展(4)
[6] Farkas K， Molnár T， Szepes Z. Ability of different rescue therapies to save the bowel in acute， severe， steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol， 2014， 8(6)：695-702.
[7] Sternthal MB， Murphy SJ， George J， Kornbluth A， Lichtiger S， Present DH. Adverse events associated with the use of cyclosporine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol，2008，103(4)：937-943.
[8] Van Assche G， D’Haens G， Noman M， Vermeire S， Hiele M， Asnong K， Arts J， D’Hoore A， Penninckx F， Rutgeerts P. Randomized， double-blind comparison of 4 mg/kg versus 2 mg/kg intravenous cyclosporine in severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology，2003，125(4)：1025-1031.
, http://www.100md.com
[9] Saifuddin A， Harris A. Tacrolimus therapy in moderate to subacute ulcerative proctocolitis： a large single-centre cohort study. Frontline Gastroenterol，2018，9(2)：148-153.
[10] Christensen B， Gibson P， Micic D， Colman RJ， Goeppinger SR， Kassim O， Yarur A， Weber CR， Cohen RD， Rubin DT. Safety and efficacy of combination treatment with calcineurin inhibitors and vedolizumab in patients with refractory inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol，2018，pii：S1542-3565(18)30466-X.
, 百拇医药
[11] Escher M， Stange EF， Herrlinger KR. Two cases of fatal Pneumocystis jirovecii， pneumonia as a complication of tacrolimus therapy in ulcerative colitis—a need for prophylaxis. J Crohns Colitis，2010，4(5)：606-609.
[12] Ogata H， Kato J， Hirai F， Hida N， Matsui T， Matsumoto T， Koyanagi K， Hibi T. Double-blind， placebo-controlled trial of oral tacrolimus (FK506) in the management of hospitalized patients with steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis，2012，18(5)：803-808.
, http://www.100md.com
[13] 欒兴龙，苏峰，程元星. 长期甲氨蝶呤治疗硫唑嘌呤干预无效型溃疡性结肠炎的临床研究. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志， 2018，7(2)：141-144.
[14] Herfarth H， Barnes EL， Valentine JF， Hanson J， Higgins PDR， Isaacs KL， Jackson S， Osterman MT， Anton K， Ivanova A， Long MD， Martin C， Sandler RS， Abraham B， Cross RK， Dryden G， Fischer M， Harlan W， Levy C， McCabe R， Polyak S， Saha S， Williams E， Yajnik V， Serrano J， Sands BE， Lewis JD; Clinical Research Alliance of the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation. Methotrexate is not superior to placebo in maintaining steroid-free response or remission in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology， 2018，155(4)：1098-1108.
[15] Smith MR， Cooper SC. Mycophenolate mofetil therapy in the management of inflammatory bowel disease—a retrospective case series and review. J Crohns Colitis，2014，8(8)：890-897., 百拇医药(冯锦霞?夏忠胜)
[7] Sternthal MB， Murphy SJ， George J， Kornbluth A， Lichtiger S， Present DH. Adverse events associated with the use of cyclosporine in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol，2008，103(4)：937-943.
[8] Van Assche G， D’Haens G， Noman M， Vermeire S， Hiele M， Asnong K， Arts J， D’Hoore A， Penninckx F， Rutgeerts P. Randomized， double-blind comparison of 4 mg/kg versus 2 mg/kg intravenous cyclosporine in severe ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology，2003，125(4)：1025-1031.
, http://www.100md.com
[9] Saifuddin A， Harris A. Tacrolimus therapy in moderate to subacute ulcerative proctocolitis： a large single-centre cohort study. Frontline Gastroenterol，2018，9(2)：148-153.
[10] Christensen B， Gibson P， Micic D， Colman RJ， Goeppinger SR， Kassim O， Yarur A， Weber CR， Cohen RD， Rubin DT. Safety and efficacy of combination treatment with calcineurin inhibitors and vedolizumab in patients with refractory inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol，2018，pii：S1542-3565(18)30466-X.
, 百拇医药
[11] Escher M， Stange EF， Herrlinger KR. Two cases of fatal Pneumocystis jirovecii， pneumonia as a complication of tacrolimus therapy in ulcerative colitis—a need for prophylaxis. J Crohns Colitis，2010，4(5)：606-609.
[12] Ogata H， Kato J， Hirai F， Hida N， Matsui T， Matsumoto T， Koyanagi K， Hibi T. Double-blind， placebo-controlled trial of oral tacrolimus (FK506) in the management of hospitalized patients with steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis，2012，18(5)：803-808.
, http://www.100md.com
[13] 欒兴龙，苏峰，程元星. 长期甲氨蝶呤治疗硫唑嘌呤干预无效型溃疡性结肠炎的临床研究. 中华结直肠疾病电子杂志， 2018，7(2)：141-144.
[14] Herfarth H， Barnes EL， Valentine JF， Hanson J， Higgins PDR， Isaacs KL， Jackson S， Osterman MT， Anton K， Ivanova A， Long MD， Martin C， Sandler RS， Abraham B， Cross RK， Dryden G， Fischer M， Harlan W， Levy C， McCabe R， Polyak S， Saha S， Williams E， Yajnik V， Serrano J， Sands BE， Lewis JD; Clinical Research Alliance of the Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation. Methotrexate is not superior to placebo in maintaining steroid-free response or remission in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology， 2018，155(4)：1098-1108.
[15] Smith MR， Cooper SC. Mycophenolate mofetil therapy in the management of inflammatory bowel disease—a retrospective case series and review. J Crohns Colitis，2014，8(8)：890-897., 百拇医药(冯锦霞?夏忠胜)