氯胺酮临床应用进展(3)
[3] Menzies R， Congreve K， Herodes V，et al. A survey of paediatric caudal extradural anesthesia practice[J]. Pediatric Anesthesia，2009，19(9)： 829–836.
[4] Eich C， Strauss J. Prompt and powerful effect of a practice guideline on caudal additives[N]. Pediatric Anesthesia，2009，19(3)： 271–272.
[5] Schnabel A，Poepping DM，Kranke P，et al. Efficacy and adverse effects of ketamine as an additive for paediatric caudal anaesthesia： a quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials[J].British Journal of Anaesthesia，2011，107(4)： 601–611.
, 百拇医药
[6] Ikonomidou C， Bosch F， Miksa M， et al. Blockade of NMDA receptors and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain[J]. Science，1999， 283(5398)：70–74.
[7] Dong C， Rovnaghi CR， Anand KJS. Ketamine alters the neurogenesis of rat cortical neural stem progenitor cells[J]. Critical Care Medicine，2012， 40(8)： 2407–2416.
[8] Liu JR，Liu Q，Li J，et al. Noxious Stimulation Attenuates Ketamine-induced Neuroapoptosis in the Developing Rat Brain[J]. Anesthesiology，2013，117(1)：64-71.
, 百拇医药
[9] Yang J，Jiang H. Dual Effects of Ketamine： Neurotoxicity Versus Neuroprotection in Anesthesia for the Developing Brain[J]. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol，2014，26(2)：155-160.
[10] Aubrun F，Gaillat CD，Dupuis M，et al. Effect of a low-dose ketamine regimen on pain， mood， cognitive function and memory after major gynaecological surgery： a randomized， double-blind，placebo-controlled trial[J].European Journal of Anaesthesiaology，2008，25(2)：97-105.
, http://www.100md.com
[11] Hudetz JA，Iqbal Z，Gandhi SD，et al. Ketamine attenuates post-operative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery[J].Acta Anaesthesiology Scandinavica，2009，53(7)：864-872.
[12] Himmelseher S，Durieux M. Revising a dogma： ketamine for patients with neurological injury？ Anesth Analg， 2005，101(2)：524-534.
[13] Schmidt A. Racemic， S(+)- and R(-)-ketamine do not increase elevated intracranial pressure[J].Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica，2008， 52(8)：1124-1130.
, 百拇医药
[14] Canbay O， Celebi V， Sahin A，et al. Ketamine gargle for attenuating postoperative sore throat[J]. British journal of anaesthesia，2008，100(4)：490-493.
[15] Akkurt BCO， Inanoglu K， Kalaci A，et al. Effects of Intravenous Small Dose Ketamine and Midazolam on Postoperative Pain Following Knee Arthroscopy[J].Pain Practice，2009，9(4)：289-295.
[16] Hang LH，Shao DH，Gu YP. The ED50 and ED95 of ketamine for prevention of postoperative hyperalgesia after remifentanil-based anaesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy[J].Swiss medical weekly，2011，141(1)：w13195., 百拇医药(江敏 王晓斌)
[4] Eich C， Strauss J. Prompt and powerful effect of a practice guideline on caudal additives[N]. Pediatric Anesthesia，2009，19(3)： 271–272.
[5] Schnabel A，Poepping DM，Kranke P，et al. Efficacy and adverse effects of ketamine as an additive for paediatric caudal anaesthesia： a quantitative systematic review of randomized controlled trials[J].British Journal of Anaesthesia，2011，107(4)： 601–611.
, 百拇医药
[6] Ikonomidou C， Bosch F， Miksa M， et al. Blockade of NMDA receptors and apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing brain[J]. Science，1999， 283(5398)：70–74.
[7] Dong C， Rovnaghi CR， Anand KJS. Ketamine alters the neurogenesis of rat cortical neural stem progenitor cells[J]. Critical Care Medicine，2012， 40(8)： 2407–2416.
[8] Liu JR，Liu Q，Li J，et al. Noxious Stimulation Attenuates Ketamine-induced Neuroapoptosis in the Developing Rat Brain[J]. Anesthesiology，2013，117(1)：64-71.
, 百拇医药
[9] Yang J，Jiang H. Dual Effects of Ketamine： Neurotoxicity Versus Neuroprotection in Anesthesia for the Developing Brain[J]. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol，2014，26(2)：155-160.
[10] Aubrun F，Gaillat CD，Dupuis M，et al. Effect of a low-dose ketamine regimen on pain， mood， cognitive function and memory after major gynaecological surgery： a randomized， double-blind，placebo-controlled trial[J].European Journal of Anaesthesiaology，2008，25(2)：97-105.
, http://www.100md.com
[11] Hudetz JA，Iqbal Z，Gandhi SD，et al. Ketamine attenuates post-operative cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery[J].Acta Anaesthesiology Scandinavica，2009，53(7)：864-872.
[12] Himmelseher S，Durieux M. Revising a dogma： ketamine for patients with neurological injury？ Anesth Analg， 2005，101(2)：524-534.
[13] Schmidt A. Racemic， S(+)- and R(-)-ketamine do not increase elevated intracranial pressure[J].Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica，2008， 52(8)：1124-1130.
, 百拇医药
[14] Canbay O， Celebi V， Sahin A，et al. Ketamine gargle for attenuating postoperative sore throat[J]. British journal of anaesthesia，2008，100(4)：490-493.
[15] Akkurt BCO， Inanoglu K， Kalaci A，et al. Effects of Intravenous Small Dose Ketamine and Midazolam on Postoperative Pain Following Knee Arthroscopy[J].Pain Practice，2009，9(4)：289-295.
[16] Hang LH，Shao DH，Gu YP. The ED50 and ED95 of ketamine for prevention of postoperative hyperalgesia after remifentanil-based anaesthesia in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy[J].Swiss medical weekly，2011，141(1)：w13195., 百拇医药(江敏 王晓斌)